Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics

Selected chapters from paediatric surgery

This set of educational materials is dedicated to selected topics in the area of paediatric surgery: minor surgery, neonatal surgery, introduction to traumatology, visceral traumatology, acute abdomen, thoracic surgery, plastic surgery, surgical oncology and congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract; moreover, the battered child syndrome is mentioned as well.

Mitral valve replacement and MAZE procedure because of mitral valve stenosis and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

The case report describes the hospitalization of a 63-year-old patient admitted to the Department of heart surgery for mitral valve stenosis with diagnosed atrial fibrillation. The patient underwent mitral valve replacement and MAZE procedure. At the postoperative period, paroxysm of atrial fibrillation was successfully detected with a successful version. On the tenth postoperative day, the patient was placed in outpatient care.

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Aortocoronary bypass

The case report describes the hospitalization of a 58 year old male admitted to our department for documented ischemic heart disease with affection of three coronary arteries. The patient underwent a cardiac surgery with the formation of one bypass with arterial graft and one bypass with venous graft. In the postoperative period, fibrillation of atrial fibrillation with successful cardioversion was noted. The patient was admitted to outpatient care on the seventh postoperative day.

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Aortic valve replacement because of aortic valve stenosis, repair of tricuspid valve because of regurgitation

The case study describes the hospitalization of women with aortic valve stenosis and secondary regurgitation of the tricuspid valve. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement by bioprosthesis and repair surgery of the tricuspid valve. The postoperative course was complicated by pneumohorax on the right side. Drainage was performed. The patient was placed in outpatient care on the eighth postoperative day.

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Management of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among them worldwide. It includes a heterogeneous collection of diseases with various histologically defined subsets, clinical presentations, responses to treatment and outcomes. We describe a case of female patient with ductal breast carcinoma.

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Acute abdomen - gallstone ileus

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon entity, which accounts for 1–4% of all presentations to hospital with small bowel obstruction and for up to 25% of all cases in patients over 65 years of age. Despite medical advances, gallstone ileus is still associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The management of gallstone ileus remains controversial. The clinical signs and symptoms of gallstone ileus are usually non-specific, contributing to a delay in diagnosis. We present our case admitted to the hospital with gallstone ileus.

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Burns

Human skin seems to be simply external coverage of the human body. This statement is not completely true, as human skin, in addition to its protective function from the external environment, does have a range of other functions such as mechanical barrier, external immune barrier, participation in thermoregulation, excretion of sweat and sebum, sensory functions, and identification functions for the human being. Skin is the largest organ of the human body, as its average surface in adult persons is about 2 m² and its total mass is about 5 kg. An extensive burn injury affecting more than 20% of the body surface area, can lead to temporary, or permanent dysfunction or failure of the skin organ which could become a life threatening situation.

Constrictive pericarditis, reoperation

The case report describes the hospitalization of a 50-year-old man who underwent surgery for a constrictive pericarditis at a younger age. Current CT and ultrasonographic findings confirmed the recurrence of this disease. Partial pericardectomy was performed with the release of the left ventricular diaphragm wall in particular. The postoperative period was complicated by ventricular fibrillation with high speed response of chambers. After successful cardioversion, the patient was released to outpatient care on the seventh postoperative day.

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