Search in MEFANET content

Peripartální život ohrožující krvácení je definováno jako rychle narůstající krevní ztráta, která je klinicky odhadnuta na 1500 ml a více a která je spojena s rozvojem klinických a/nebo laboratorních známek tkáňové hypoperfúze.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: porod, životohrozující krvácení, tekutinová resuscitace | published on: 31. 5. 2013

Náhlá příhoda břišní (NPB) se řadí mezi klasické případy akutní medicíny. Vzhledem k hrozícím vážným komplikacím je ji třeba včas rozeznat a náležitě léčit. V případě chirurgické intervence je pacient ohrožen zejména aspirací žaludečního obsahu při úvodu do celkové anestezie. Náš algoritmus se zaměřuje na problematiku NPB z pohledu anesteziologa, zejména na správné provedení rychlého úvodu do anestezie (Rapid Sequence Induction- RSI, bleskový úvod, crush úvod).

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: rychlý úvod do anestezie, crush, intubace, relaxometr | published on: 31. 5. 2013

Eklampsie je život ohrožující komplikace těhotenství, pro kterou jsou charakteristické tonicko- klonické křeče. Obvykle předem varuje rozpoznatelnými symptomy, ale někdy se může dostavit zcela neočekávaně. Eklampsie vyžaduje okamžitý zásah, který spočívá v potlačení křečí, snižování vysokého krevního tlaku a rychlém provedení porodu. Vzhledem k závažnosti, nečekanému nástupu a průběhu eklampsie je zásadní obranou prevence a zachycení preeklampsie, již lze účinně medikamentózně léčit.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: těhotenství, křeče, preeklampsie | published on: 3. 6. 2013

Syncope may be defined as a sign of short term loss of consciousness and/or postural muscle tone. It may be observed in patients with no cardiovascular diseases of organic origin but it can also be a sign of other serious diseases. Diagnosis of syncope is a tricky one, a lot of it depends on thorough case history taking and physical examination. According to research, up to 25-35% of syncope cases can be diagnosed from case history, or it may at least indicate relevant clinical testing.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: syncope, unconsciousness, orthostatic hypotension, somnolence | published on: 23. 12. 2011

Sepsis is systemic inflammatory response syndrome of organism caused by infection. It can easily extend to a stage of severe sepsis and septic shock with the signs of multiple organ dysfunction even failure requiring extensive organ functions´ support . Increasing number of septic patients revers to the fact that the amount of predisposed individuals in various ways is increasing: patients suffering from imunosupression, undergoing invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Early diagnose and immediate and accurate therapy is crucial.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: antibiotics, volumotherapy, monitoring | published on: 20. 12. 2011

The presented algorithm provides additional procedure in the current recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council. This is a possible scenario of real emergency ambulance of any medical facility.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: ALS in bradycardia, atropine, risk of asystole, transcutaneous/ transvenous pacing | published on: 20. 12. 2011

First Aid in children already bring to the trespassing acute stress and severe emotional component. Come and try out at home possible realistic scenario to help the child, which is described in the current recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: BLS in children, gasping, KPR in children | published on: 20. 12. 2011

Mastering the principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation should belong to the personal equipment of each man. Algorithm in accordance with the current guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council lead through possible pitfalls of this for amateurs and experts crucial life-saving activity.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: BLS, consciousness, gasping, AED, CPR | published on: 20. 12. 2011

The algorithm focuses on one of the themes of first aid (Basic Life Support, BLS) directly endangered the patient's life.  His comletation can be useful for both the layman and the person in acute situations already versed. The algorithm was created in accordance with the current guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council 2010.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: BLS, choking, airway obstruction, Heimlich maneuver | published on: 20. 12. 2011

Technical first aid is an indispensable part of pre-hospital care. How about you? Do you know, how to proceed in a traffic accident?

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: accident scene safety, first contact, communication with the emergency services dispatcher, rescue plan | published on: 21. 12. 2011

Craniocerebral trauma is the most severe injury group, which is associated with high mortality and severe permanent consequences. At present, the frequency of brain and skull injury is increasing,it often occurs  as a part of a polytrauma. In our algorithm you will get familiar with direct acute brain injury and its treatment.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: anisocoria, manitol, decompresive craniektomy | published on: 20. 12. 2011

Acute postoperative pain management is a multidisciplinary task in which they are responsible both anesthesiologist, surgeon, attending physicians and nurses of postoperative department. For this reason, there is often a transfer of responsibilities between the involved medical staff, and often a poor care of the patient's pain. Early postoperative pain treatment can prevent its chronification. Therefore, we present here the algorithm for the treatment of postoperative pain after pulmonary surgery.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: postoperative pain, epidural block, therapeutic strategy, analgesic ladder | published on: 20. 12. 2011

Rub frostbite with snow? Limber up to heat yourself? Check your knowledge in our algorithm of first aid in the mountains.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: hypothermia, emergency medical assistance, frostbites, warming up | published on: 21. 12. 2011

Everyone can be involved in a serious car accident. Our algorithm offers you sequence of actions by serious head injury and its solution using invasive approaches.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: racoon eyes, coniotomy, cannulation | published on: 20. 12. 2011

The basic rules of water rescue...or How to help drowning person without drowning yourself.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: drowning, safety, technique of rescue | published on: 21. 12. 2011

The basic rules of water rescue...or How to help drowning person without drowning yourself.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: drowning, consciousness, rescue, cessation of CPR | published on: 21. 12. 2011

Sufficient analgesia in the practitioners´ ambulance is often underestimated part of daily routine in patients care. We can often see underdosing of analgesics due to fear of overdose or addiction to opioids.Therefore, we present here the algorithm with a possible therapeutic procedure for chronic hip pain.  

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: pain intensity (VAS), NSAIDs, analgesics-antipyretics, opioids | published on: 23. 12. 2011

Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is one of the most common causes of death in our population. Many risk factors contributing to its genesis are spread widely such as smoking, obesity, junk food, lack of exercise, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. Our algorithm presents you the right way to diagnose and treat heart attack as so as the most frequent mistakes that can endanger the patient.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: risk factors, myocardial infarction (heart attack), dual antiaggregation therapy, troponin, coronarography | published on: 22. 12. 2011

The algorithm describes two painful situations in orofacial areas. The first focuses on an acute postoperative pain after third molar surgery and recommended strategy for analgesia. The second situation concentrates on a chronic pain in temporomandibular joint. Besides, the second one also offers a therapy in various stages of the disease. Students should learn (about) not only recommended principles of conservative treatment, but also possible subsequent surgical therepy.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: preemptive analgesia, acute postoperative pain, chronic pain, analgesic strategies | published on: 22. 12. 2011

Postdural puncture headache is one of the complications of central blockades.  It arises most often in connection with a previous puncture of  epidural or spinal space as a result of perforation of the dura mater and arachnoidea. A cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from the gap in dura mater. It leads to a drop  of pressure of cerebrospinal fluid and it can cause headaches. The following algorithm will try to bring the diagnosis and the treatment of this condition.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: epidural anesthesia, postdural puncture headache, blood patch | published on: 2. 5. 2012

The algorithm describes a real situation at the dentist - the extraction of the wisdom teeth combined with a pre-operative complication: a syncope complication. Each step of such a situation is outlined to comprehend the whole complexity of the syncope. Sub-questions then one by one describe the evolving state of the patient and offer solutions to particular steps. The correct answer to each of the questions will enable every student to finish the algorithm successfully.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: syncope, fear, autotransfusion position, ephedrine | published on: 22. 12. 2011

Local anaesthetics are widely used by anaesthesiologists, surgeons or general practitioners. There is a risk of severe toxic reactions, which may lead to fatal sequels. This algorithm presents possibilities of minimalisation of the risk and offers the guideline by treatment of severe cardiovascular complication according to current opinions.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: toxic reaction, infraclavicular block, bupivacaine, lipid emulsion | published on: 22. 12. 2011

The algorithm describes a real situation of a toxic reaction to local anesthetic at the dentist. It generally shows the development from relative overdose to absolute overdose of local anestehticum. The algorithm should thus also contribute to adoptation of important procedures when solving such an acute state.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: local anaesthetics, regional anesthesia, toxic reaction, Supracain (articaine) | published on: 22. 12. 2011

The Injury caused by an electric current can often threaten a human life. We would like to demonstrate how to act when you witness this kind of accident.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: cardiac rhythm disturbances, asystole, ventricular fibrillation, burns | published on: 22. 12. 2012

Severe allergic reaction is life-threatening. It may be observed after insect bite, after eating specific food or using some drugs. Most important is early diagnosis and immediate treatment. This algorithm presents possibility of diagnosis and treatment of this severe state.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: allergie, anaphylactic reaction, adrenalin, bronchospasm | published on: 22. 12. 2011

The Diabetes mellitus algorithm describes step-by-step prehospital and subsequently hospital process of treatment of the hyperglycaemic coma. The algorithm is processed in the prehospital phase from the perspective of a non-medical professional and a medical professional at the scene of an incident to make sure to emphasize basic life functions.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: hypo/hyperglycemic coma, glycemia, insulin, glucagon | published on: 31. 12. 2012

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but very serious and dramatic complication in pregnancy. It is one of the most common causes of maternal death worldwide, with mortality approaching 80%. Diagnosis is based only on clinical signs, it is used the elimination procedure - "diagnosis per exclusionem". This algorithm describes from the perspective of an anesthesiologist this emergent situation and subsequent diagnosis.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: amniotic fluid embolism, delivery, anaphylaxis | published on: 26. 12. 2012

Methanol intoxication has become a very actual topic within last year. The great danger of accidental poisoning lies in inability to recognize methanol while drinking it and distinguish it from ethanol and so avoid drinking greater amount of it. This algorithm takes us through the situation from ensuring the patient in prehospital care until professional treatment and therapy in the hospital.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: methanol, ethanol, intoxication | published on: 26. 12. 2012

Childbirth in the field is situation which can confront every one of us. For this case an algorithm was created, where you find yourself in the position of emergency doctor called to assist the progressing childbirth. Here is your chance to get familiar with the proper medical guidance of the childbirth in the field.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: labor, childbirth, newborn, bleeding | published on: 26. 12. 2012

Meningococcal sepsis, meningococcal meningitis and sepsis combinated with menigitis are caused by gram negative diplococcus Neisseria meningitidis and are understood under exression invasive meningococcal disease. Appreciable part of population are healthy carriers of this microbe. On the other hand it can cause fulminant and often fatal disease. Algorithm shows a typical case of IMD and the most important principles of its treatment.

LF MU | discipline: Emergency Medicine | keywords: sepsis, meningococcus, antibiotics | published on: 26. 12. 2012