Results found: 11870
The subject is examined for fasting blood glucose in a blood taken from a vein, then drink 75 g of glucose dissolved in 250 ml of water within 3-5 minutes ... Detection of glycated hemoglobin In humans, hemoglobin is a mixture of 3 forms: HbA1, HbA2 and HbF with a predominance of HbA1 ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry | ...: Array | published on: 15. 2. 2011
Their strength in aqueous solution, expressed by the decimal logarithm of the dissociation constant (pKa), depends on the total charge (the algebraic sum of all charges present) and on the functional groups of the side chain. In a solution with a pH lower than pI, AAs are found in a protonated form, in a solution with a pH above the pI, AAs are in a deprotonated form (figure 1, table 1). 21 proteinogenic α-AAs are known (9 essential α-AAs and 12 non-essential α-AAs; table 1) ... Biuret reaction All compounds that contain a peptide bond (-CO-NH-) in their structure form a violet-colored complex (chelate) with a Cu(II) cation in an alkaline environment ...
The course will end with a colloquia – a debate on a student-selected scientific topic, which he/she will elaborate in writing before the colloquia. Recommended literature • DAY, Robert A. a Barbara GASTEL. How to write and publish a scientific paper. 6th ed ...
LF MU | discipline: Dentistry | ...: Array | published on: 27. 1. 2021
Pathophysiology can be seen as a follow-up of normal physiology that study function of a healthy body under the normal conditions ... This so-called interindividual vari- ability is a result of genetic variability which always produces a unique phenotype in a given subject ...
LF MU | discipline: Physiology and Pathophysiology | ...: Array | published on: 15. 12. 2008
The presence of a cluster of these symptoms in a patient at risk for IE (ie, those with preexisting heart disease or indwelling central venous catheter) should raise the possibility of IE as a potential diagnosis In addition, there is a risk of immunologic sequelae, such as immune-mediated glomerulonephritis ... Type and sensitivity of etiol. agents 2. Whether IE occurs on a natural valve, or a foreign material (artificial valves, conduits, vascular grafts, stimulators) 3 ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Paediatrics, Neonatology | ...: Array | published on: 14. 6. 2018
... with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine Systematic Review • review of clinical literature focused on a single question which tries to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high-quality research evidences relevant to that question BASIC TERMS page Randomized Controlled Trial • experiment in which individuals are randomly allocated to receive or not receive an experimental preventive, therapeutic or diagnostic procedure and then followed to determine the effect of the intervention Prospective Blind Comparison • controlled trial that looks at patients with varying degrees of an illness and administers both diagnostic test (test under investigation) and the "gold standard" test (to all of the patients in the study group) Gold Standard • method with established or widely accepted accuracy for determining a diagnosis that provides a standard to which a new screening or diagnostic test can be compared (the method need not be a single or simple procedure but could include follow-up of patients to observe the evolution of their conditions or the consensus of experts) Double Blinded Method • study of drug or procedure in which both the subjects (patients) and investigators (clinicians) are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment BASIC TERMS page Cohort Studies • studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified (the groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome) Case-control Study • retrospective comparison of interventions/exposures of persons with disease (cases) with those of persons without the disease (controls) Retrospective Study • study design in which cases where individuals who had an outcome event in question are collected and analysed after the outcomes have occurred Prognostic Study • study that enrolls patients at a point in time and follows them forward to determine the frequency and timing of subsequent events Case Series and Case Reports • report of a number of cases of disease BASIC TERMS page Number Needed to Treat (NNT) • number of patients who need to be treated over a specific period of time to achieve one additional good outcome – i.e. to prevent one event (when discussing NNT, it is important to specify the intervention, its duration, and the good outcome) Absolute Risk Reduction • absolute arithmetic difference (risk difference) in rates of harmful outcomes between experimental and control groups (it is calculated as the rate of harmful outcome in the control group minus the rate of harmful outcome in the experimental group) Relative Risk • ratio of the risk of an event among an investigated/exposed population to the risk among the uninvestigated/unexposed population Standard Error • standard deviation of an estimate of a population parameter (standard error of the mean is the standard deviation of the estimate of the population mean value) BASIC TERMS page P-Value • probability calculated to asses whether trial results are likely to have occurred simply through chance – i.e. assuming that there is no real difference between new and old treatment (P value < 0.05 means that there is a less than 1 in 20 probability of the result occurring by chance alone if the null hypothesis was true) Confidence Interval (CI) • range between two values within which it is probable that the true value lies for the whole population of patients from which the study patients were selected Likelihood Ratio • likelihood of a given test result in a patient with the target disorder compared to the likelihood of the same result in a patient without that disorder BASIC TERMS ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Informatics and Information Science | ...: Array | published on: 2. 5. 2019
Fake Biometric • a fake biometric sample may be given to a sensor to get an access to the system (finger print made from silicon, fake face mask, lens on an iris etc.) Replay Attack • an attack in a biometric system where data stream is injected between sensor and the processing system (a replay attack can be two or three stage process, first intercepting or copying the sensor transmission, then possibly modifying the data and finally replaying the data) Spoofing the Feature Set • replacing the feature set with a fake or altered feature set Template Attack • the templates stored in the database can be stolen or replaced or can be modified SECURITY AND ATTACKS page Trojan Horse Attack • the feature extractor itself is replaced to generate the desired features and to add to the existing database With a growing concern for security, biometric attacks are to be identified, controlled and minimized ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Informatics and Information Science | ...: Array | published on: 11. 10. 2010
Indication for adenotomy is a pathology of the pharyngeal tonsil (hypertrophy, inflammation) Tonsillectomy It is a total removal of palate tonsils. ... The laryngotracheal tube has a dead end with a button-‐like bronchopulmonal entodermal evagination. ...
LF MU | discipline: Otorhinolaryngology | ...: Array | published on: 4. 4. 2016
... references Shankar V R, Bowen A, Davis A D, Rupprecht C E, OShea T J. Rabies in a captive colony of big brown bats ... references Drexler J.F, Corman V M, Wegner T, Tateno A F, Zerbinati R M, Gloza Rausch F, Seebens A, Muller M A, Drosten C ...
LF UK Hr. Králové | discipline: Biology | ...: Array | published on: 30. 9. 2015
EKG na konci každé zátěže – TK a TF ukončení zátěže - při dosažení 100% zátěže (dle TF s korelací na věk) nebo limit. příznacích posuzování přítomnosti ischémie – hlavní ukazatel pozitivity = horizontální nebo descendentní deprese ST při zátěži (alespoň 0,1mV pod izoelektr. linii), další – inverze původní pozitvní T vlny v negativní slide slide-master-content slide-content ZE a diagnostika ICHS Hlavní známkou myokardiální ischémie je regionální porucha hybnosti myokardu: hypokinéza – snížení hybnosti a systolického ztlušťování - akinéza – absence hybnosti a systolického ztlušťování dyskinéza – paradoxní systolický pohyb a možné systolické ztenčení stěny Při omezené vyšetřitelnosti - kontrastní látky - zvýraznění endokardu slide slide-master-content slide-content Zátěžové protokoly - Dobutaminová zátěžová echokardiografie – kontinuální infuze stupňovitě se vzestupnou koncentrací podaného léku, doba jednoho stupně obvykle 3 min., 10-20-30-40 ug/kg/min ... slide slide-master-content slide-content ZE a chlopenní vady Aortální stenóza s nízkým gradientem a dysfunkcí LK dobutamin – u významné vady se nemění plocha ústí, stoupá gradient, stanovení kontraktilní rezervy ...
LF UK Hr. Králové | discipline: Cardiology, Angiology | ...: Array | published on: 1. 10. 2009
... and VIII. N.VII. is a nerve of the 2nd branchial arch. ... At present, it is a special test with a restricted number of tuning forks (usually one). ...
Median cubital vein (V. mediana cubiti) 18. Ulnar artery (A. ulnaris) 19. Radial artery (A. radialis) 20 ... Fibular artery (A. fibularis) 5. Posterior tibial artery (A. tibialis posterior) 6 ...
LF MU | discipline: Anatomy | ...: Array | published on: 9. 9. 2025
Disorder is chronic and generally has a prodromal phase, an active phase with delusions, hallucinations, or both, and a residual phase in which the diorder may be in remission ... slide slide-master-content slide-content What is a Neuropsychological Evaluation? A neuropsychological evaluation is a comprehensive assessment of cognitive and behavioral functions using a set of standardized tests and procedures ...
LF MU | discipline: Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology | ...: Array | published on: 12. 1. 2006
Close the test tube with a rubber stopper and insert it into a boiling water bath ... Transfer 0.5 mL of dissolved liver mixture into a glass test tube. 6. Add 1.5 mL of ethanol to it, mix well and close with a piece of aluminium foil and a rubber stopper. 7 ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry | ...: Array | published on: 16. 9. 2013
Diagnostically significant is the variant of LDL lipoprotein - lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), which additionally has apolipoprotein (a) attached to the apoprotein Apo-B100, which modulates fibrinolysis and represents a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases ... Task 1 Mr. Jonathan is a 56-year-old accountant, a non-smoker, who has been suffering from obesity for years ...
... date 2007-01-10T15:33:44Z pdf:PDFVersion 1.4 xmp:CreatorTool Acrobat PDFMaker 7.0 pro PowerPoint pdf:docinfo:title Ultrasonografická diagnostika Company x stream_content_type application/pdf pdf:hasXFA false access_permission:can_print_degraded true subject dc:format application/pdf; version=1.4 Manager pdf:docinfo:creator_tool Acrobat PDFMaker 7.0 pro PowerPoint access_permission:fill_in_form true stream_name https://portal.lf1.cuni.cz/_down1lfMefa48s56PRTG554-89898sds/4/soubor-225.pdf pdf:encrypted false dc:title Ultrasonografická diagnostika xmp:CreateDate 2007-01-10T16:33:37Z modified 2007-01-10T15:33:44Z cp:subject pdf:docinfo:subject pdf:hasMarkedContent true pdf:docinfo:custom:Manager xmp:ModifyDate 2007-01-10T16:33:44Z pdf:docinfo:creator Daniel Smutek meta:author Daniel Smutek meta:creation-date 2007-01-10T15:33:37Z stream_source_info url created 2007-01-10T15:33:37Z access_permission:extract_for_accessibility true Creation-Date 2007-01-10T15:33:37Z pdf:docinfo:custom:Category pdf:docinfo:custom:Comments Author Daniel Smutek producer Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows) pdf:docinfo:producer Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows) Keywords Category access_permission:modify_annotations true dc:creator Daniel Smutek dcterms:created 2007-01-10T15:33:37Z Last-Modified 2007-01-10T15:33:44Z dcterms:modified 2007-01-10T15:33:44Z xmpMM:DocumentID uuid:61252872-5dae-4fb6-87f5-9e0f2e85d834 Last-Save-Date 2007-01-10T15:33:44Z pdf:docinfo:keywords pdf:docinfo:modified 2007-01-10T15:33:44Z meta:save-date 2007-01-10T15:33:44Z Content-Type application/pdf stream_size 1778022 xmp:MetadataDate 2007-01-10T16:33:44Z X-Parsed-By org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser X-Parsed-By org.apache.tika.parser.pdf.PDFParser creator Daniel Smutek pdf:producer Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows) dc:subject Comments access_permission:assemble_document true xmpTPg:NPages 32 pdf:hasXMP true access_permission:extract_content true pdf:docinfo:custom:Company x access_permission:can_print true meta:keyword access_permission:can_modify true pdf:docinfo:created 2007-01-10T15:33:37Z Ultrasonografická diagnostika page Ultrasonography - diagnostics in medicine Daniel Smutek Charles University, Prague Czech Republic page • frequency 2-15 MHz • velocity of propagation – air: 330 m.s-1 – bone: 1080 m.s-1 – soft tissues: approx 1540 m.s-1 • fat: 1450 m.s-1 • muscle: 1580 m.s-1 • deepness of boundary: from velocity of US and interval between sending and return of a pulse • different environment differs by their physical density • velocity of propagation x environment density = acoustic impedance – the more different acoustic impedance of two neighboring environments is, the higher amount of ultrasound wave is reflected and the more distinct (bright) the boundary is shown • „big“ boundaries (diaphragm, bigger vessels, wall of urinary bladder) reflect practically all waves • smaller boundaries organs parenchyma are diffuse, and that is why they are less intensive page Artifacts • part of not reflected waves goes through the boundary and changes its direction in the same ratio as the ratio between propagation velocities in the environments in question • consequence: deeper boundaries are depicted in incorrect distance or direction • refraction is lowest in the direction of wave propagation which is perpendicular to the boundary page Attenuation • a consequence of reflection, scattering and absorption is an attenuation – in air 12 dB/cm/Hz – in fat 0,63 dB/cm/Hz – in blood 0,18 dB/cm/Hz – in water 0 dB/cm/Hz • modern devices are equipped by programs for compensation of attenuation (time gain compensation) page Grey levels • adjusting of high range of received intensities (up to 1000) to the possibilities of displaying in the grey level scale • most of devices show 256 grey levels page Image formation • an image of examinated plane is created by – information about time between sound impulse and reflected waves return – amplitude – frequency page – the impulse is generated in a transducer which contains one or more piezoelectric crystals – sending a pulse takes only a small amount of time, in the most of time the transducer acts as a receiver of reflected ultrasound waves – the received waves incur reverse piezoelectric phenomenon – formed electric currents are registered as amplitudes which are proportional to the intensity of received ultrasound waves page A-mode A-image shows the trajectory of sent ultrasound beam (static and 1D) the beginnings of clinically usable ultrasound – e.g. the differentiation between cysts and solid findings (tumors) page M-mode Representation of received signals as points with different intensities in the vertical axis (i.e., rotation by 90 degrees) allows to continuously monitor A- image ... It is still used especially in echocardiography for depiction of movement of heart valves and other heart structures page B-mode • two-dimensional image in real time • ultrasound waves are sent in a thin plane with frequency 15-60 Hz synchronized by a larger amount of crystals: – in transducer placed beside each other (linear transducer) – in convex shape (convex and sector transducers) • reflected and received waves are analyzed, processed and are shown in the monitor as points with different intensities, their position corresponds to the distance from the transducer • rapid frequency of images forms fluent sequence of moving structures page Doppler techniques • flowing blood is anechogenic in A and B-mode • blood cells are sound reflectors • with red blood cell approaching or moving away from transducer, the wave length of reflected waves changes • continuous Doppler – does not allow to recognize the deepness from which analyzed signals originate (it is used only at the bedside for examination of superficially located bigger vessels) • pulse Doppler – it allows, by choosing the time period between sending wave and returning its reflection, to aim to certain place in 2D grey-scale image (duplex Doppler) page color flow Doppler imaging • most often used • a combination of B-image in real time with image representation of blood flow with assigned color scale (from bright red to bright blue) power mode Doppler • brightness of used color depicts an amplitude of Doppler signals • less noise and more sensitive in imaging of small blood vessels (it does not inform about the velocity and the direction of flow) page Application of echocontrast agents • to increase the outcome of Doppler examination • invasive • e.g., microparticules of galactose with a small amount of palmitic acid, encompassing microbubbles of air • substantially improves possibilities of imaging of very small vessels with slow blood flow • e.g., detection of neovascularization in tumors page Benefits and drawbacks of US • non-invasive method • high resolution (< 1 mm) • imaging in a broad grey scale (usually 256 grey levels) • possibility of examination of perfusion (Doppler methods, echocontrast substances) • real time imaging • examination quality depends on the position of the organ or tissue and on the (actual) status of the patient • subjective evaluation • structure of the tissue is shown in the text by indirect way • identical US image for different histological changes page page page page page - harmonic imaging page page page page page page page page page page page page page Ultrasonography -diagnostics in medicine Artifacts Attenuation Grey levels Image formation A-mode M-mode B-mode Doppler techniques Application of echocontrast agents Benefits and drawbacks of US ...
1.LF UK | discipline: Physiology and Pathophysiology | ...: Array | published on: 12. 1. 2007
Focused questions page The determination of whether a question is foreground or background depends upon clinician’s level of experience ... • the first question is very general merely a literature review topic • the second question forces you to find evidence centred directly on your patient The correct formulation of a clinical question is an important step, because it helps to find the most relevant information ...
Buffering capacity of saliva Buffering capacity (β) is a quantitative measure of the ability of a buffer solution to maintain its pH after the addition of a strong acid/base ... page 2 Material: HCl solution (c = 0.01 mol/L), NaOH solution (c = 0.01 mol/L), saliva containers, pipettes, tips, glass rod, plastic test tubes Principle: Saliva is a mixture of several components with buffering capacity, which will be verified by assessing the buffering capacity after adding a strong acid (HCl) and a base (NaOH) to total saliva ...
Neuro-ophthalmologists initially complete a residency in either neurology, neurosurgery, or ophthalmology, then do a fellowship in the complementary field. Since diagnostic studies can be normal in patients with significant neuro-ophthalmic disease, a detailed medical history and physical exam is essential, and neuro-ophthalmologists often spend a significant amount of time with their patients ...
LF UK v Bratislave | discipline: Ophthalmology and Optometry | keywords: optic disc, optic nerve, neuritis, papilloedema, optic neuropathy, optic disc, optic nerve, neuritis, papilloedema, optic neuropathy | published on: 25. 3. 2020
Symptoms of bleeding, which are usually diffused and present a symptom of general vessel injury rather than a life-threatening condition often occur, particularly in severe cases ... Clinically the infection presents by a mild or classical fever, and in the most severe cases as a life-threatening hemorrhagic fever ...
A connection with the intracranial space is possible. ... It is a severe form of suppurating necrotic rhinosinusitis with ostitis of the nasal skeleton, often with a lethal end. ...
Motivation In this experiment you will learn a method how to test the possible protein-DNA interaction using a native gel electrophoresis ... This method is referred to as a supershift assay, and is used to unambiguously identify a protein present in the protein-nucleic acid complex ...
LF MU | discipline: Biophysics | ...: Array | published on: 18. 6. 2012
Dept. of Psychiatry, Masaryk University , Brno slide slide-master-content slide-content Clinical interview: psychiatric history and mental status general introduction choosing a place and meeting the patient applying interviewing techniques taking a psychiatric history mental status examination slide slide-master-content slide-content General introduction the purpose of a diagnostic interview is to gather information that will help the examiner make a diagnosis - the diagnosis guides treatment psychiatric diagnoses are based on descriptive phenomenology: signs, symptoms, and clinical course the psychiatric examination consists of the two arts: a psychiatric history, and mental status examination slide slide-master-content slide-content Choosing a place and meeting the patient choosing a quiet place new patient almost certainly will be anxious (being worried by his symptoms and apprehensive about what your assessment will be) shake hand and introduce yourself, use formal address (i.e ... “) Determine to what extent the patient is driven to actions based on a hallucination ! slide slide-master-content slide-content Mental status examination 6 ...
Free phosphate can be detected by a color reaction in a basic environment of sodium hydroxide with molybdate and ammonium vanadate to give a yellow-green to blue- green coloration ... Gently warm the tube in a boiling water bath for about 10 minutes. 5 ...
Nadále platí, že na tyto aktivity zbývá v medicíně čas až po lékařské práci, a jsou tedy vykonávány spíše po večerech a z nadšení ... Údaje jsou přehledněji uloženy, a tak snadněji a nesrovnatelně rychleji vyhledávány ...
LF MU | ...: Array | published on: 20. 4. 2007
... page Summary: • A 36-year-old woman with a known history of epilepsy and no past psychiatric history has new- onset visual hallucinations after experiencing a cluster of seizures ... Which of the following symptoms are most indicative of a psychosis due to a temporal lobe seuizure? ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology | ...: Array | published on: 7. 5. 2025
STEHNO JE V POŘÁDKU. A CO MÁŠ TADY? TO JSEM ZLOBIL. A CO JSI PROVEDL ? ... JAK ROZPOZNAT ČERSTVOU A STARŠÍ ZLOMENINU? RTG DIAGNOSIS AT BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME DĚTI STARŠÍ 2 LET: RTG PODLE KLINICKÉHO NÁLEZU DĚTI MLADŠÍ 2 LET: SKELETAL SURVEY A P A P AP, LAT LAT LAT LAT ŠIKMÁŠIKMÁ AP AP AP AP AP APAP AP AP AP AP AP BABYGRAM page ROK 1864, NEW YORK NAROZENA MARY ELLEN WILSON PO SMRTI OTCE K PĚSTOUNŮM SOUSEDÉ PODALI ŽALOBU PRO ZÁVAŽNÉ TÝRÁNÍ BITÍ, PÁLENÍ, ŘEZNÁ PORANĚNÍ, TĚŽKÁ PRÁCE, ZAMYKÁNÍ NA ZÁCHODĚ… ETTA AGNEL WHEELER DOSÁHLA ODEBRÁNÍ MARY ELLEN PĚSTOUNŮM AŽ S POMOCÍ AMERICKÉ SPOLEČNOSTI PRO PREVENCI NÁSILÍ NA ZVÍŘATECH PODAŘILO SE PROKÁZAT, ŽE MARY ELLEN PATŘÍ DO ŽIVOČISNÉ ŘÍŠE A TEDY NESMÍ BÝT TÝRÁNA SOUČASNÁ DEFINICE SYNDROMU TÝRANÉHO DÍTĚTE (CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT SYNDROME) Poškození fyzického, psychického i sociálního stavu a vývoje dítěte, které vzniká v důsledku jakéhokoli nenáhodného jednání rodičů nebo jiné dospělé osoby, jež je v dané společnosti hodnoceno jako nepřijatelné ...
LF MU | discipline: Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics | ...: Array | published on: 26. 10. 2018
The patient was, or is treated with a bisphosphonate or a monoclonal antibody 2 ... Regular examinations twice a year after the wound has fully healed page DISCONTINUATION OF ANTIRESORPTIVE THERAPY Consult a specialist ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Dentistry | ...: Array | published on: 17. 4. 2017
The outer layer contains two proteins, VP4 (P protein) and VP7 (G protein). VP7 is a glycoprotein coded by genes 7, 8 or 9. VP4 is a glycoprotein coded by gene 4 ... As mentioned above, only 10 virions represent a sufficient infection dose in a child.. In a frozen form (-60 C), rotavirus can survive several years, while the temperature of 56 C inactivates rotavirus in 30 minutes ...