Results found: 11870
... minimáln$ 300 )m se doporu(uje k podpo"e vr!stu kosti a vaskularizaci page Trabecular tantal Trabecular titan Povrchy s vysokou iniciální stabilitou -! ... drainage of the femur Vacuum mixing of bone cement Presurisation of bone cement Timing of insertion of the stem Continuus pressure page Revision THA page page page Revision of the acetabulum page Revision THA page page page Periprosthetic infection St. aureus St. koaguláza negativní Streptokoky Enterokoky a jiné . MRSA Rezistence dalších mikrobů Problematika biofilmu page Periprotetická infekce - diagnostika Klinicky Labor: CRP, leu, FW Kultivace puktátu kyčle RTG- osteolýza, usurace SONO Kostní scan Tc-99 Peroperační průkaz Sonikace implantátu a následné bakteriologické vyšetření Prodloužená kultivace page Periprotetická infekce - PPI #asná PPI Chronická PPI Pozdní haematogenní PPI page page Kyčelní spacery Zajištují pohyb a distanci femuru proti acetabula Lepší pohyb a chůze Jednodušší reimplantace Prolongované a konstantní uvolňování Gentamycinu a Vancomycinu ve srovnání s míchanými cementy page Kyčelní spacery Lokální hladiny jsou vysoko nad MIC Kryjí 90 % všech pathogenů Včetně MRSA a MRSA, Enterokoky Zabraňují kolonizaci povrchu page Kyčelní spacery Vhodné též u coxitid page Zku&enosti pracovi&t$ Dlouhodobé v%sledky kvalitních studií Registry kloubních náhrad Opera(ní technika Vhodn% implantát Aktivita nemocného Pravidelné kontroly Zásady page Daily activity after THA No lifting and wearing of heavy objects No strenuous manual labor No long standing and walking Limited running No jumping No contact sports Recommened sports: swimming, bicycle, tennis tourism, skiing? ...
LF MU | discipline: Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics | ...: Array | published on: 15. 4. 2009
In vitro Sumoylation assay I. Process workflow a. Preparation of mixtures b. Incubation c ... However, SUMO conjugation is not strictly dependent on E3 catalysis. A typical SUMO acceptor site consists of a specific sequence – the ψKxE motif, where ψ is a large hydrophobic amino acid (e.g. isoleucine, valin), K is the target lysine, x is any residue followed by glutamic acid residue E (Meulmeester, 2008) ...
LF MU | discipline: Biophysics | ...: Array | published on: 18. 6. 2012
Chung K.C., Ram A. N. (2009) Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 123(1): 389 page • a philosophic approach to clinical problems that has arisen from the physician’s need to offer proven therapies to patients • the goal of this approach is to be aware of the evidence supporting a particular approach to a clinical problem, its soundness and the strength of its inferences • the term evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP) can be used to indicate that this approach is useful in a variety of disciplines In its beginnings (70s of the last century) • series of recommendations for critical appraisal of various types of clinically oriented publications (diagnosis, treatment, prognosis ... ASK the question Construct a well built clinical question derived from the case 3 ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Informatics and Information Science | ...: Array | published on: 2. 5. 2019
Shields, M., and Jerry A. Shields, MD (2004). "Tumors of the Conjunctiva and Cornea." Survey of ophthalmology 49(1): 3-24, http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/S0039-6257(03)00130-9/fulltext Furdova A, Pesko K, Strmen P, Kobzova M.Conjunctival nevus and melanoma.Bratisl Lek Listy. 2007;108(7):287-91 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17972544 Gustavo A ...
LF UK v Bratislave | discipline: Ophthalmology and Optometry | keywords: epibulbar tumor, papiloma, nevus, melanoma, carcinoma | published on: 23. 5. 2014
POPULATION AND SAMPLE POPULATION (N) SAMPLE (n) page Sample: • subgroup of population • consists of one or more observations from the population • each subject from population should have the same probability to be an element of the sample Random sample - selection of statistical unit from population is given only by the chance. A measurable characteristic of a population is called parameter and measurable characteristic of a sample is called statistic ... Point estimation - estimation specified by one number (a single numerical value used to estimate the corresponding population parameter) ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Informatics and Information Science | ...: Array | published on: 11. 12. 2009
This mosquito family has an impact on spreading of Rift Valley fever and of yellow fever. A. vexans and A. caspius transmit Tahyna virus inducing valtic fever ... references Bernard P, Jambaud E, Berbineau A, Brunot J, Flechaire A. Japanese encephalitis an ecptional imported arbovirus ...
LF UK Hr. Králové | discipline: Biology | ...: Array | published on: 30. 9. 2015
General deformities page 1. Disturbace of a form A. Transversal defects - terminal - intercalary B ... J Bone J Surg 1996; 78-A: 683- 692. Obr. 65. Figures ...
If the victim respond Preceed to secondary assessment (BLS is not needed right now) If the victim does not respond Continue with primary assessment BLS sequences Primary assessment D Response s A B C page 5 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult Primary assessment shout for help If the victim does not respond shout for help BLS sequences Primary assessment D R shout for help A B C page 6 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult Primary assessment Airway = open the airway Use head tilt and chin lift Place your hand on the victim’s forehead Gently tilt the head back Use fingertips of the other hand to lift the victim’s chin and open the airway Head tilt and chin lift can be provided in any position but to assess breathing may be easier to place the victim onto his/her back (if you cannot assess him/her in position in which he is) BLS sequences Primary assessment D R s Airway B C Open the airway Head tilt, Chin lift page 7 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult Primary assessment Airway = open the airway If you suspect neck injury use a jaw thrust Place your (index and middle) fingers behind the angle of the jaw and apply pressure up- wards and forwards Use the thumbs to open the mouth slightly If this is unsuccessful, add head tilt (just enough to maintain the airway) Remember that maintaining an airway and adequate ventilation is the overriding priority in managing a patient with a suspected spinal injury If you are not sure how to perform jaw thrust, use head tilt and chin lift manoeuvre for both injured and uninjured victims BLS sequences Primary assessment Open the airway Head tilt, Chin lift Jaw thrust D R s Airway B C page 8 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult Primary assessment Airway = open the airway Check the victim’s mouth quickly If you see an solid foreign body, use a finger sweep to remove it BLS sequences Primary assessment D R s Airway B C Open the airway Head tilt, Chin lift Jaw thrust Clean mouth page 9 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult Primary assessment Breathing + Circulation = check the SIGNS OF LIFE Normal breathing (the most important) Keep the airway open and Look for chest movement Listen for breath sounds Feel for air movement from the victim’s mouth and nose on your cheek Any occasional gasp is not normal, do not confuse this with normal breathing In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, the victim may be barely breathing, or taking infre- quent, noisy gasps, it is not normal breathing and it is indication to start BLS (CPR) Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 s to determine whether the victim is breathing normally, if you have any doubt whether breathing is normal, act as if it is not normal and start (BLS) CPR Movement Reflexes (coughing, swallowing, …) Delays in diagnosis of cardiac arrest and starting BLS (CPR) will adversely affect the victim’s chance to sur- vive If the patient appears to have no signs of life, or if there is doubt, you will need to start CPR BLS sequences Primary assessment Signs of life Normal breathing Look Listen Feel Coughing Movement D R s A Breathing Circulation page 10 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult Get help Before you start BLS (CPR) send someone to call emergency medical service or if you are on your own, leave the victim and call emergency medical service return and start BLS (CPR) BLS sequences Primary assessment Get help BLS (CPR) Europe 112 Local 155 Helth care facility 4444 What happened How many victims Where Who page 11 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult BLS (CPR) Circulation = start with chest compressions Provide 30 chest compressions Kneel by the side of the victim Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest (lower half of breastbone) Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand Interlock the fingers of your hands and ensure that pressure is not applied over the victim’s ribs Position yourself vertically above the victim’s chest and, with your arms straight Allow the chest to recoil completely after each compression ... Perform 30 compressions Rate: at least 100 / min (not more than 120 / min) Depth: at least 5 cm (not more than 6 cm) BLS sequences Assess Get help BLS (CPR) Chest compressions Circulation A B page 12 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult BLS (CPR) Airway = open airway Immediately after 30 chest compressions open the airway again using head tilt and chin lift Breathing = provide rescue breath Mouth to mouth breathing Pinch the soft part of the nose using the index finger and thumb of your hand on the fore- head Allow the mouth to open, but maintain chin lift Take a normal breath Place your lips around victim’s mouth Make sure that you have achieved a good seal Blow air steadily into the victim’s mouth and watch for the chest to rise Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth away from the victim and watch for the chest to fall as air passes out Take another normal breath and repeat immediately Interruption of chest compressions for 2 rescue breaths should not take more than 5 se- cond BLS sequences BLS (CPR) Head tilt and chin lift Rescue breaths C Airway Breathing page 13 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult BLS (CPR) Combine chest compression with rescue breaths Immediately after providing 2 rescue breath, place your hands on victim’s sternum and give a further 30 chest compressions Continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths in a ratio of 30:2 If your initial rescue breath does not make the chest rise as in normal breathing, then before your next attempt: check the victim’s mouth and remove any obstruction recheck that there is adequate head tilt and chin lift do not attempt more than two breaths each time before returning to chest compressions If there is more than one rescuer present, another should take over chest compression every 2min to prevent fatigue Ensure the minimum of delay during the changeover of rescuers Continue BLS (CPR) until qualified help arrives and takes over the victim starts to breathe normally you become exhausted BLS sequences BLS (CPR) Chest compression Rescue breaths Combine 30:2 page 14 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult BLS (CPR) Chest compressions only If you cannot provide breathing (facial injury, …), provide only chest compressions BLS sequences BLS (CPR) Chest compression only CPR page 15 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult BLS (CPR) Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhyth- mias and is able to re-establish an effective rhythm Use AED immediately when available If AED is available immediately use it before starting chest compressions Otherwise Start CPR according to the guidelines for BLS and Use AED as soon as available As soon as the defibrillator arrives Switch on the defibrillator and attach the electrode pads Follow the spoken/visual directions Ensure that nobody touches the victim while the AED is analysing the rhythm If a shock is indicated ensure that nobody touches the victim push shock button as directed (fully automatic AEDs will deliver the shock automatically) continue as directed by AED (provide BLS (CPR) for 2 minutes, than check rhythm again) If no shock is indicated immediately start BLS (CPR) BLS sequences BLS (CPR) Automatic External Defibrillator annotation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable annotation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_device http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_device annotation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhythmia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhythmia annotation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhythmia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhythmia page 16 Basic Life Support sequences - Adult BLS (CPR) Risk to the rescuers Take appropriate safety precautions Use mouth to barrier devices for rescue breathing if available RISK TO THE RESCUER Mouth-to-barrier device page 17 RESOURCES www.erc.edu National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR ...
1.LF UK | discipline: Health Care Sciences | ...: Array | published on: 9. 2. 2011
Ceskoslovenská Stomatol. 2017, 117, 27–34. Cope, G.; Cope, A. Gingivitis: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment ... Doležálková, E.; Unzeitig, V. Kyselina listová a prevence rozštěpových vad centrálního nervového systému ...
LF MU | discipline: Dentistry | ...: Array | published on: 7. 1. 2021
Increased muscle activity and skeletal muscle damage are accompanied by a change in several parameters in the blood (or urine) ... After adding 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, which reacts with pyruvate, a reddish-brown hydrazone of pyruvate is formed ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry | ...: Array | published on: 16. 9. 2013
Corpus callosum (callosal comissure) on median sagittal section of the brain: Corpus callosum is a wide commissure, a flat bundle of commissural fbres, about 10 cm long beneath the cerebral cortex ... The basal ganglia are composed of the following nuclei: Caudate nucleus – has C-shape with a wider „head“ at the front, tapering to a „body“ and a „tail“ Putamen Globus pallidus Amygdaloid body (amygdala) Claustrum annotation https://www.youtube.com/watch? ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Anatomy | ...: Array | published on: 30. 6. 2018
... children over age 5 or 6 ( age at which continence could definitely be expected) Bed-wetting that develops after a child has been dry for a period of time (secondary nocturnal enuresis) slide slide-master-content slide-content Bed-Wetting (Primary Nocturnal Enuresis) Cause for bed-wetting: Delayed growth and development ... Low self-esteem or feelings or worthlessness. A child may make such statements as, "I'm bad ...
LF MU | discipline: Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology | ...: Array | published on: 12. 1. 2006
; … If the victim respond (by answering, moving, crying, …) Proceed to secondary assessment (BLS is not needed right now) If the victim does not respond Continue with primary assessment Paediatric BLS sequences Primary assessment D Response s A B C page Paediatric Basic Life Support sequences Primary assessment shout for help If the victim does not respond shout for help Paediatric BLS sequences Primary assessment D R shout for help A B C page Paediatric Basic Life Support sequences Primary assessment Airway = open the airway Use head tilt and chin lift technique Place your hand on the victim’s forehead Gently tilt the head back Use fingertips of the other hand to lift the victim’s chin and open the airway do not overextend!! ... Paediatric BLS sequences Assess Get help BLS (CPR) Chest compressions A B Circulation page Paediatric Basic Life Support sequences BLS (CPR) Combine 30 chest compressions to 2 breaths If you are on your own, you have to interrupt BLS (CPR) after 1 minute and call emergency medical service Child - leave the victim, call EMS, come back and continue with CPR Infant - carry the victim while going to get help (use your forearm as a firm surface and continue with BLS (CPR)) After you called for help, continue with BLS (CPR) until qualified help arrives and takes over the victim starts breath normally you become exhausted Paediatric BLS sequences BLS (CPR) Combine 30:2 Get help after 1 min ...
Cause: movalent antibody (IgA), low number of bridges between antigens, to intense repulsive forces between antigens… page Coombs test page Precipitation Reaction between polyclonal antiserum and soluble (molecular) antigen. A complex lattice of interlocking aggregates is formed. If performed in a solution the precipitate falls out of the solution ...
LF MU | discipline: Immunology, Allergology | ...: Array | published on: 6. 9. 2013
In our experiment, methylene blue will play the role. The dye has a blue colour in the oxidized form while reduction leads to a colourless leuco-form ... Transfer 4 ml of heart homogenate into test tubes No. 1 - 5 (use a measuring cylinder) 3. Boil the content of the test tube no. 1 in a boiling water bath and then cool it down. 4 ...
The olfactory nerve consists of axons of sensory cells of the olfactory epithelium which together form the olfactory nerve and enter the olfactory bulb. The optic nerve is a cerebral nerve pathway. It is developmentally a derrivative of the diencephalon ... From a functional point of view, the subthalamic nucleus is part of the basal ganglia system ...
• The consequence is a polyclonal stimulation of lymphocytes without presence of antigen ... • Presence of the HLA antigen makes a predisposition to development of the disease (increased relative risk), but not cause a disease ...
Shifts of values on both sides relative to the optimum pH result in a change in the degree of dissociation of the enzyme and substrate functional groups, or a change in enzyme conformation ... Every 5 min transfer two drops of the solutions from the test tubes into a particular spot with a drop of the Lugol solution in the spot plate ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry | ...: Array | published on: 15. 2. 2011
However, if there is a lot of it in the blood, it can clog arteries and cause cardiovascular disease ... Decreased levels – HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIA – anemia, cirrhosis of the liver, avitaminosis A, viral hepatitis, cancer, starvation, burns ...
• Treatment: Family education and gradual exposure to separation...CBT, SSRI page Phobic anxiety disorder in childhood • Persistent fear of a specific object or situation (animal, heights, storm) • Etiology: after a traumatic event, observation of others ... • ...in response to the birth of a sibling • ↑negative affect with predominant feelings of jealousy, anger, aggression toward the sibling, regression to early stages of development (use of babytalk, thumbsucking, loss of bladder or bowel control) page GAD in childhood • Multiple worries about a variety of life circumstances, such as school work, appearance ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology | ...: Array | published on: 13. 5. 2024
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Informatics and Information Science | ...: Array | published on: 9. 10. 2019
In severe forms of acute pancreatitis, a significant reduction in serum Calcium can be observed ... Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein. 5. Titrate with a standard NaOH solution until a permanent pink color is obtained. 6 ...
In severe forms of acute pancreatitis, a significant reduction in serum Calcium can be observed ... Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein. 5. Titrate with a standard NaOH solution until a permanent pink colour is obtained. 6 ...
Pipette 0.1 mL of serum into a test tube 2. Add 4 ml of CaCl2 solution and 0.1 mL of heparin. 3 ... Transfer the sample to a cuvette and measure the absorbance on a spectrophotometer at 650 nm wavelength against distilled water ...
Fyziologie a patologická fyziologie ... Patologie a soudní lékařství ...
discipline: Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics | keywords: Kolorektální karcinom | published on: 19. 10. 2011
Regarding (a), an estimate is presented that is closer to reality than the commonly used PDB standard ... Concerning (c), two published estimates of CO2 production are used and compared: a BSA-based (Body Surface Area) estimate, and a BMR-based (Basal Metabolic Rate) estimate ...
1.LF UK | discipline: Gastroenterology and Hepatology | ...: Array | published on: 1. 2. 2007
... date 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z pdf:PDFVersion 1.5 pdf:docinfo:title Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint xmp:CreatorTool Microsoft® PowerPoint® 2016 stream_content_type application/pdf pdf:hasXFA false access_permission:modify_annotations true access_permission:can_print_degraded true dc:creator jm language sk-SK dcterms:created 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z Last-Modified 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z dcterms:modified 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z dc:format application/pdf; version=1.5 Last-Save-Date 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z pdf:docinfo:creator_tool Microsoft® PowerPoint® 2016 access_permission:fill_in_form true pdf:docinfo:modified 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z stream_name https://portal.lf.upjs.sk/_skryty_repositar_QFo9MDRM/3/eng/informatics/database/mi-05-db-data-selection.pdf meta:save-date 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z pdf:encrypted false dc:title Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint modified 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z pdf:hasMarkedContent true Content-Type application/pdf stream_size 538787 pdf:docinfo:creator jm X-Parsed-By org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser X-Parsed-By org.apache.tika.parser.pdf.PDFParser creator jm dc:language sk-SK meta:author jm meta:creation-date 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z stream_source_info url created 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z access_permission:extract_for_accessibility true access_permission:assemble_document true xmpTPg:NPages 8 Creation-Date 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z pdf:hasXMP false access_permission:extract_content true access_permission:can_print true Author jm producer Microsoft® PowerPoint® 2016 access_permission:can_modify true pdf:docinfo:producer Microsoft® PowerPoint® 2016 pdf:docinfo:created 2020-11-16T12:49:22Z Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint page Medical Informatics Databases – Data selection Jaroslav Majernik Department of Medical Informatics page • selection of required data from database tables • options: • searching, sorting and filtering (datasheet features - temporary, need to reapply all settings) • queries (database objects - readymade search engines) DATA SELECTION page • selects and shows data (records) that meets entered criteria • types of filters: • as preferred the fastest searching of required data, data are selected from a table according to the value(s) of one or more fields • out of selection there are selected all the data that don’t meet the entered criteria • by form selection from a list, more complicated conditions of selection • advanced filter and sort filter combined with sort options that can vary from field to field, similar to queries FILTER page • in contrast to filter it is an independent database object Queries • allow selection of data from whole database (combination of related tables) and to show only selected records/field • can be used to modify data in database • can perform calculations and summaries • can automatically apply changes • result of query is an anonymous window with datasheet consisting of selected fields • result of one query can be used as a source of data for another query • queries are used in situations when it is necessary to select record(s) according to the complicated combined criteria (or when it is time-consuming to set them manually) QUERY page • Types of queries: • selective simple - similar to filters, result can consists of fields from several tables • crosstab query creates cross table list that consists of relations between data • find duplicates query shows only records that share duplicated values • find unmatched query finds unlinked records in related tables QUERY page Action queries: • modify large amount of data according to the specified criteria: • removable removes all records in database that meet specified criteria • updating changes data/values stored in database tables • connecting adds data resulted from query into the existing table • generating saves result of query into the new table QUERY page Creating a query: • using a wizard • in design view • by transformation of filter Outputs of query: • detailed shows all selected fields • global creates a basic statistical calculations from selected fields QUERY page Selection criteria: • saving a filter as query (advanced filter of ordering) • manually specified Criteria (examples): • text in quotation marks, e.g ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Medical Informatics and Information Science | ...: Array | published on: 28. 11. 2010
A single molecule of catalase can break down millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules into water and oxygen per second. 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 The enzyme catalase is a haemoprotein containing 4 molecules of haem ... It is the only known enzyme capable of not only reducing but also oxidizing hydrogen peroxide, thus differing from peroxidases, which can only reduce hydrogen peroxide while simultaneously oxidizing a secondary substrate. The blood catalytically degrades hydrogen peroxide to form molecular oxygen (a catalase activity) or transfer oxygen of peroxide to the other substrates (a pseudoperoxide activity) ...
Determination of inorganic phosphorus in blood serum Phosphorus is a macroelement in the human body that serves numerous functions ... The alkaline environment is provided by a buffer solution of N-methylglutamine (pH = 10.4) ...
Other factors : alteration of circadian rhythms, neuroimmune dysregulation slide slide-master-content slide-content Classification (DSM IV) 1. major depressive disorder 2. bipolar I disorder 3. dysthymic disorder 4. cyclothymic disorder Further classification major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder: according to the severity (mild, moderate, severe) with and without psychotic features, congruent or incongruent (hallucinations and delusions) according to the course (single episode, or recurrent, remission, further course specifiers) slide slide-master-content slide-content Diagnosis: major depressive disorder Minim. 5 symptoms, change from functioning: depressed mood diminished interest or pleasure significant weight loss, or decrease or appetite insomnia ( or hypersomnia) psychomotor agitation or retardation fatigue or loss of energy feelings of worthlessness or guilt diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness recurrent thought of death slide slide-master-content slide-content Diagnosis: Bipolar I, manic episode At least 1 week of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, impairment in occupational functioning or social activities (not due to abuse or medical condition), min. 3 of the following symptoms: grandiosity decreased need for sleep, more talkativeness flight of ideas distractibility increase of goal directed activity excessive involvement in pleasurable activities slide slide-master-content slide-content Diagnosis : dysthymic disorder Dysthymic disorder: a chronic disorder, with the depressed mood that lasts most of the day on most days Symptoms: depressed mood for more days than not, for at least 2 y. 2 or more further symptoms: poor appetite or overeating insomnia or hypersomnia low energy or fatigue low self esteem poor concentration or difficulty making decisions feelings of hopelessness slide slide-master-content slide-content Diagnosis : Cyclothymic disorder a mild form of bipolar II disorder, characterised by episodes of hypomania and episodes of mild depression for at least 2 years, the presence of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous period with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode slide slide-master-content slide-content Differential diagnosis Depressive disorders: medical disorders (neurological, endocrine, infectious) pharmacological Bipolar I: other mental disorders (schizophrenia) pharmacological slide slide-master-content slide-content Course and prognosis Depressive disorder: untreated depression lasts 6-13 months 5-10% have a manic episode tends to be a chronic disorder pts. tend to relapse Bipolar disorder: most often starts with depression is a recurring disorder pts. have a poorer prognosis than do pts. with major depressive disorder 50% have a second manic episode within 2 years slide slide-master-content slide-content Treatment Acute treatment vs ...