Results found: 9839
Where help is needed (exact address, important landmarks, … Your name and phone number ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Get help Europe 112 Local 155 Helth care facility 4444 What happened How many victims Where Who page 9 3) Secondary assessment Is done only if breathing and heartbeat are present = basic life support is not needed right now the circumstances will determine how detailed secondary assessment will be ABCDE approach Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure, Everything else ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Primary Survey (assessment) Get help Secondary Survey (assessment) Provide first aid Reassess regularly Transport to health care facility A B C D E page 10 3) Secondary assessment Airway The airway needs to be clear for breathing if obstructed, must be cleared immediately Recommended procedures to maintain airway Head tilt and chin lift - unresponsive victim Jaw thrust - victim with suspected spinal injury Cough - victim with mild airway obstruction Back blow - victim with severe airway obstruction Abdominal thrust - victim with severe airway obstruction Chest thrust - victim with severe airway obstruction Recovery position - unresponsive victim ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway B C D E Head tilt – chin lift Jaw thrust Back blow Abdominal thrust Chest thrust Recovery position page 11 3) Secondary assessment Breathing Gain following information to assess breathing Respiratory rate The number of breath per minute The normal breathing rate in adult is about 12-16 per minute Bradypnea - too slow breathing Tachypnia - too fast breathing Apnea - no breathing at all Depth Too deep or too shallow breathing Presence of discomfort, pain, noise associated with breathing Victim with breathing difficulties Responsive - place him /her in high sitting position Unresponsive, not cooperative - place him /her in recovery position ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway Breathing C D E Rate Normal respiration 12 - 20 Bradypnea Tachypnea Apnea Depth Ease Noise page 12 3) Secondary assessment Circulation and haemorrhage control (bleeding) Gain following information to assess circulation Heart rate The number of beats per minute The normal heart rate in adult is about 60—90 per minute Bradycardia - too slow heart beat Tachycardia - too fast heart beat Cardiac arrest - no heart beat at all Rhythm Regular or irregular Arrhythmia - irregular rhythm Strength Skin colour Pale, bluish discoloration - compromised circulation ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway Breathing Circulation D E Rate Normal HR 60 - 90 Bradycardia Tachycardia Strength Rhythm Arrythmia Skin colour page 13 3) Secondary assessment Disability = neurologic assessment Gain information about following areas Mental status Pupils Extremity ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway Breathing Circulation Disability E Mental status Pupils Extremities page 14 3) Secondary assessment Disability = neurologic assessment Mental status Glasgow coma scale is used to assess mental status by observing victim’s ability in eye opening, verbal and motor response The highest score is 15 points, the lowest 3 8 points and less imply inability to protect own airway for decreased level of conscious- ness ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Eye opening Spontaneously 4 To Speach 3 To Pain 2 None 1 Verbal response Orientated 5 Confused 4 Inappropriate w ords 3 Incomprehensible sounds 2 None 1 Motor response Obey s v erbal commands 6 Localising pain 5 Withdraw s from pain stimuli 4 Flex ing to pain 3 Ex tension to pain 2 No response 1 Airway Breathing Circulation Disability E Mental status: Glasgow Coma Scale Pupils Extremities page 15 3) Secondary assessment Disability = neurologic assessment Pupils should be equal and react to light ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway Breathing Circulation Disability E GCS Pupils Extremities Shape Equality Response to light PEARL Pupils Equal And Reacting to Light page 16 3) Secondary assessment Disability = neurologic assessment Extremities Assess sensation and active movement of all extremities and compare response of both sides ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway Breathing Circulation Disability E GCS PEARL Extremities Sensation Movement page 17 3) Secondary assessment Exposure; Everything else Gain information about what can be related to current condition ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure, Everything Else page 18 3) Secondary assessment Exposure; Everything else Finish physical examination Obtain victim’s history Depends on circumstances where to start, generally if there is: Significant mechanism of injury start with physical examination No mechanism of injury start with victim’s history ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure, Everything Else Physical examination Victim‘s chief complaint Head to toe examination Victim‘s history page 19 3) Secondary assessment Exposure; Everything else Finish physical examination Depends on circumstances if to start with victim’s chief complain or head to toe examina- tion Look for DOTS Deformities Open wounds Tenderness or pain Swelling ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY Secondary Survey (assessment) DOTS Deformity Open wounds Tenderness Swelling Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure, Everything Else Physical examination Victim‘s chief complaint Head to toe examination Victim‘s history page 20 3) Secondary assessment Exposure; Everything else Obtain victim’s history Symptoms - all signs of injury or illness Allergies - if the victim is known to be allergic to something Medication - if the victim is on some kind of medication or just taken some medication for some reason Past medical history - any severe medical condition or chronic illness the victim is suffering from Last oral intake - what and when the victim eat and drank last time Events leading up to the illness or injury Information can be obtained from family, friends, bystanders if victim is not cooperating ...
1.LF UK | discipline: Health Care Sciences | ...: Array | published on: 7. 3. 2011
-immature GIT ischemic reaction (perinat. asphyxia, pneumopathie, shock, ductus arteriosus patens, polycythemia, …) -food loading of unsuitable composition (cow milk proteins, hyperosmolar food) -imune systém immature - bacterial infection – nosocomial flora colonization • Terminal ileum and proximal colon frequently affected, however, the whole intestines necrosis might happen (up to 20% of patients) page Necrotizing enterocolitis clinical count Mild course • Temporary food intolerance • Abdomen distension • Rectum occult bleeding Peracute course • Fully spread sepsis with apnea count • Bradycardia • Unstable temperature • Unstable circulation • Massive enterorrhagia • Shock page Stage Systemic symptoms GIT symptoms X-ray symptoms 1A – suspected NEC Unstable temperature, bradycardia, mild apnea, lethargy Gastric residuum, mild abdomen distension, vomiting, occult bleeding Mild loop diletation up to subileus 1B – suspected NEC The same Clearly red rectum blood The same 2A – confirmed NEC, mild alteration The same The same + deaf peristalsis, +/- sensitive abdomen ileus, pneumatosis intestinalis 2B - confirmed NEC, middle alteration The same + mild metab. acidosis, mild trombocytopenia The same + clear abdomen pain, +/- abdomen wall cellulitis or right lowe quadrant resistance The same + gas v port. bed, +/- ascites 3A – advanced NEC, serious alteration, intestine infarction The same+ hypotension bradycardia,deep apnea, DIC, neutropenia The same + diffuse peritonitis signs, breakthrough pain and abdomen distension The same + overt ascites 3B – advanced NEC, serious alteration, perforated intestine The same The same The same + pneumoperitone um page Necrotizing enterocolitis Diagnosis • Clinical finding • Lab tests–neutropenia, trombocytopenia, inflammation messenger growth, metabol ...
LF MU | discipline: Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics | ...: Array | published on: 26. 10. 2018
... page The next patient is coming V. page 14 years old girl, breathlessness for a longer time and repeated NAD PATIENT • Breathlessness • Weight loss CLINICAL EXAMINATION • Percussion • Palpation • Auscultation • Aspect • Per rectum • Muted • Non-specific • Weak • Not necessarily done page Another examination??? ...
DNA sequences - synthesized in vitro, by means of replication and transciption enzymes 4. restriction enzymes – cleave DNA at defined sequences 5. vectors – small molecules of DNA (genome of V, plasmid, transposone), used to deliver DNA into receptive bacteria and amplify it Used to create genomic libraries 1 clone = 1 book in the library - 1 gene of genome - set of all genes of 1 chromosome - set of cDNA page Basic technology: Preparation of recombinant DNA in vitro and its cloning • Reproduction in new host organism • Making multiple copies CLONE of DNA set of indetical DNA molecules page Until 1990 – work with natural organisms and their mutants After 1990 – modification of genomes of organisms for practical purposes Eliminate undesirable phenotypic characteristics Combine useful characteristics of 2–more organisms and combine them into one Create organisms that synthesize products necessary for human page page Thank you for attention ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Microbiology | ...: Array | published on: 21. 5. 2023
However, in certain large page 19 animal branches, such as nematodes and insects, CYP51 gene together with other groups of genes (IV, V, VII and X) are absent. As the "lower" animals have the CYP51 gene (Figure 1.4), it is most likely that CYP51 was lost in the lineage, which led to present time insects and nematodes ... G en e t re e fo r h u m a n C Y P 2 D 6 a n d i ts h o m o lo g s (r es p ec ti v el y b y [ 1 1 ]) ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Biology | ...: Array | published on: 5. 12. 2017
Například, když chceme vytvořit model, jak lék funguje v lidském organismu (systému), víme, že obvykle množství léku v krvi v čase je exponenciálně klesající funkce ... A odtud limitním přechodem (h→ 0) dostaneme: lim h→0 N(t+ h)−N(t) h = (a− b) ·N(t). (3.4) Výraz na levé straně rovnice (3.4) je derivace funkce N(t) podle proměnné t, takže výsledná rovnice modelu má tvar17,18: 16Tomuto typu rovnic říkáme rovnice rekurentní (případně diferenční) [17]. 17Tomuto typu rovnic říkáme rovnice diferenciální [16]. 18Derivaci funkce podle času budeme dále značit apostrofem, tj. d dtN(t) = N ′(t). 19 page d dt N(t) = (a− b) ·N(t) (3.5) s počáteční podmínkou N(0) = N0. (3.6) Z biologického hlediska lze limitně přejít k diferenciální rovnici (3.5) pouze, pokud jsou splněny následující podmínky [9]: • kvantovací podmínka: populace je tak velká, že není třeba počítat s jedinci, • vzorkovací podmínka: všichni jedinci v populaci jsou identičtí (populace je homogenní z hlediska jedinců v produkčním věku). 3.1.2 Implementace modelu a jeho řešení Řešení výše uvedeného matematického modelu (rovnic modelu) můžeme vypočítat sami na základě svých znalostí, většinou však využíváme vhodných informačních technologií ...
LF MU | discipline: Other | ...: Array | published on: 11. 6. 2012
U člověka se vláknitá kost vyskytuje pouze v době vývoje nebo v místě úponů vazů a svalů ... Ve většině plochých a krátkých kostí červená kostní dřeň přetrvává. V pozdním věku žlutá kostní dřeň ztrácí tuk a vzniká šedá kostní dřeň (medulla ossium grisea) ...
LF MU | discipline: Anatomy | ...: Array | published on: 23. 5. 2024
Použití programu se osvědčilo všude, kde se musí vytvářet velké množství zpráv, nálezů, protokolů apod. Osvědčuje se v nemocnicích i v malých ordinacích, na soudech, v advokátních kancelářích, v publicistice ... Dagmar Seidlová zde objasnila problematiku akutních stavů v porodnictví. V bloku intenzivní medicína se představil dr. ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Other | ...: Array | published on: 17. 2. 2008
Hlaváček T., Žižlavský V., and Bhavin Rajendra Doshi Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno 1 st PART The superficial border of the head against the neck presents a line going from the external occipital protuberance along the superior nuchal line towards the opening of the external acoustic meatus; from here along the mandible towards the chin ...
LF MU | discipline: Anatomy | ...: Array | published on: 6. 4. 2012
Psychiatry and Pedopsychiatry. 2016 Seifertová D, Praško J, Horáček J, Höschl C, eds. Postupy v Léčbě Psychických Poruch. 2008 slide-master-content embedded /docProps/thumbnail.jpeg ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology | ...: Array | published on: 7. 5. 2024
Usually greater than 1 cm v diameter, which may or may not be elevated above the level of the adjacent skin • Its depth of involvement and/or palpability differentiate it from a papule rather than its diameter • The term nodule implies a lesion with depth ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Dermatology | ...: Array | published on: 22. 9. 2020
Taková reakce je použita v případě obrany (krytí) i v případě útoku (zachycení potravy) ... V takových situacích převládne evolučně stará reflexní aktivita, která byla v tomto ohledu dovedena k dokonalosti v tom smyslu, že novější systémy nezajistí v dané situaci rychlejší reakci (viz kapitola 14) ...
LF MU | discipline: Neurology | ...: Array | published on: 28. 1. 2025
Je třeba dbát na to, aby v abstraktu nebylo obsaženo to, co není v textu článku; v textu abstraktu by neměly být opakovány informace, které jsou již v názvu práce ... V textu se pokud možno necitují práce, které nemáme k dispozici v originále v úplném znění ...
LF UP | discipline: Other | ...: Array | published on: 29. 5. 2009
Remedia 2007, 17, 390-393. Katritch, V., Reynolds, K.A., Cherezov, V., Hanson, M.A., Roth, C.B., Yeager, M., Abagyan, R ... Obecná farmakologie jako základ studia farmakologie experimentální a klinické. Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové, 2001. Martínková, J. a kol ...
LF MU | discipline: Pharmacology | ...: Array | published on: 9. 2. 2021
... slide-master-content slide-content V Parasomnias These are abnormal behaviours or sensations during or otherwise closely related to sleep ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology | ...: Array | published on: 2. 5. 2024
Hodnota Giny indexu se rovná nule, pokud je v konečném uzlu pouze jediná kategorie page 11 proměnné Y a dosahuje maxima, pokud je v konečném uzlu v každé kategorii proměnné Y stejný počet pozorování ... page 13 v mateřském uzlu (pt). Hodnota Gini indexu v prvním dělení je pro oba uzly stejná (GI = 0,1875) ...
LF MU | discipline: Other | ...: Array | published on: 27. 6. 2012
Very rare are idiopathic varices without portal hypertension or varices in the upper part of the esophagus in obstruction of v. cava by tumors in the mediastinum. ...
LF MU | discipline: Otorhinolaryngology | ...: Array | published on: 4. 4. 2016
Prítoky v. cava inferior rozderujeme do troch skupín: parietálne prítoky (vv. phrenicae inferiores, vv. lumbales, v. lumbalis ascendens, v ... mesenterica superior a v. splenica (v. lienalis). Do v. portae priamo vstupujú: v. prepylorica, v. gastrica dextra, v. gastrica sinistra, v. pancreaticoduodenalis posterior superior, v.pancreaticoduodenalis anterior inferior, vv. paraumbilicales a v. cystica (obr. 2) ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Cardiology, Angiology | ...: Array | published on: 15. 3. 2021
Terry Poulton – Univerzita St George v Londýně – Velká Británie, prof. Martin Haag – Univerzita v Heidelbergu – Německo) ... Prezentace od Vás převezme technická obsluha v přednáškových sálech před zahá- jením konference nebo v průběhu přestávek ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Other | ...: Array | published on: 6. 9. 2010
... list_Paragraph [19] Enskhsaikhan D, Loparev VN, Bostik V, et al. Genotyping of VZV strains isolated in Mongolia ...
LF UK Hr. Králové | discipline: Biology | ...: Array | published on: 30. 9. 2015
Stávající stav a vývoj EIS v ČR, EU i ve světě jsou popsány v páté kapitole ... V počítači jsou data obvykle zaznamenávána v binární formě (tj ...
... page Kawasaki Disease A systemic vasculitis (etiology-unknown) page Diagnostic criteria Fever > 5 d Bilateral, painless nonexudative conjunctivitis Lip cracking and fissuring, strawberry tounge, inflammation of oral mucosa Cervical lymphadenopathy , unilateral (> 1.5cm) Polymorphous exanthema Redness and swelling of hands and feet with desquamation page Cardiac manifestation Myocarditis Pericarditis Valves (MR,AR) Coronary arteritis Coronary arteries lesions → dilatation to large aneurysm → coronary ischemia Acute thrombosis → MI page Noncardiac manifestation • V, diarrhoe, gallbladder hydrops, elevated transaminasesGIT • Sterile pyuria, proteinuriaRenal • Cough, rhinorrhea, infiltrate on chest radiographRespiratory • Arthalgia and arthritisJoint • Elevated ESR, CRP, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemiaBlood • Mononuclear pleocytosis of CSF, irritability and facial palsyNeurologic page Treatment and management • IVIG and high-dose aspirin • Reduce incidence of CA dilatation and aneurysm formationImmediate • Continue with low-dose aspirin till CA abnormalities resolve • Corticosteroid may b given if fever is persistent Then • Repeated Echo • Depends on degree of coronary involvementFollow up page Hypertension - prevalence • ↑ with age • 10 – 16 y. → 1-2% • 20 y. → 2-5% • 30 y. → 15% • ˃ 20% → u 60 y page 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents page SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) Age BP Percentile of Height Percentile of Height (Year) Percentile 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 12 50th 102 103 104 105 107 108 109 61 61 61 62 63 64 64 90th 116 116 117 119 120 121 122 75 75 75 76 77 78 78 95th 119 120 121 123 124 125 126 79 79 79 80 81 82 82 99th 127 127 128 130 131 132 133 86 86 87 88 88 89 90 Blood Pressure Levels for Boys by Age and Height Percentile !!!! ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Paediatrics, Neonatology | ...: Array | published on: 14. 6. 2018
The resulting movement has a circular character (circular limb describes the shell of a cone) - for example, the rotational movement of the upper limb in the shoulder joint page Thanks for paying attention https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79yH4fCXv88 ...
UPJŠ LF v Košiciach | discipline: Biophysics | ...: Array | published on: 17. 3. 2017
Vena azygos a jej prítoky Väčšina týchto žíl ústi do v. azygos alebo v. hemiazygos resp. v. hemiazygos accessoria. V mediastinum posterius po stranách tiel hrudných stavcov prebieha vpravo v. azygos , vľavo zdola v. hemiazygos a zhora v. hemiazygos accessoria ...
discipline: Anatomy | keywords: Venózna drenáž hrudnej steny | published on: 15. 3. 2013
Portokavální anastomózy jsou žilní spojky mezi portálním a systémovým žilním oběhem. v. portae – vv. gastricae – vv. oesophageales – v. azygos et hemiazygos – v. cava superior v. portae – vv. paraumbilicales – vv. epigastricae superiores – vv. thoracicae internae – v. cava superior v. portae – vv. paraumbilicales – vv. epigastricae inferiores – vv. iliacae externae – v. cava inferior v. portae – vv. paraumbilicales – vv. thoracoepigastricae, vv. costoaxillares, vv. thoracicae laterales – vv. axillares – v. cava superior v. portae – vv. paraumbilicales – vv. epigastricae superficiales – vv. saphenae magnae – v. cava inferior v. portae – vv. paraumbilicales – Burowovy žíly (podél chorda urachi) – plexus vesicalis – v. cava inferior v. portae – v. mesenterica inferior – v. rectalis superior – vv. rectales mediae et inferiores – v. cava inf. v. portae – v. mesenterica sup. et v. lienalis – Retziusovy spojky – vv. lumbales, v. azygos – v. cava sup. průchozí ductus venosus spojky mezi žilami jater (v area nuda) a bránice Klinický význam jícnové varixy hemoroidy caput medusae Vena portae Portální oběh Vena cava inferior Žíla PASTOR, Jan. Langenbeck's medical web page [online]. [cit. 2009]. < https://langenbeck.webs.com/ > ...
discipline: Anatomy | keywords: Portokavální anastomózy | published on: 11. 3. 2009
Kavokavální anastomózy jsou žilní spojky mezi vena cava superior a vena cava inferior . v. cava superior – v. subclavia – v. thoracica interna – v. epigastrica superior – v. epigastrica inferior – v. iliaca externa – v. cava inferior v. cava superior – v. subclavia – vv. thoracoepigastricae, v. thoracica lateralis, vv. costoaxillares – v. epigastrica superficialis – v. saphena magna – v. femoralis – v. iliaca externa – v. cava inferior v. cava superior – plexus venosi vertebrales – v. cava inferior vena cava superior – v. azygos et hemiazygos – vv. lumbales – v. cava inferior Tyto spojky mají zejména funkční význam při omezení průtoku běžnou cestou krve. Při obturaci kmene žíly tak zajišťují náhradní cestu toku, nejčastěji v oblasti přední břišní stěny. Portokavální anastomózy PASTOR, Jan. Langenbeck's medical web page [online]. [cit. 11.3.2009]. < https://langenbeck.webs.com/ > ...
discipline: Anatomy | keywords: Kavokavální anastomózy | published on: 11. 3. 2009
A-V shunt kanylovaný dialyzačními jehlami připojenými k dialyzačnímu přístroji Prostý radiocephalický A-V shunt A-V shunt pomocí protézy/autograftu/allograftu Pro napojení pacienta na dialyzační přístroj („umělou ledvinu“) je třeba chirurgicky vytvořit arteriovenózní zkrat (A-V zkrat, A-V shunt, fistule, píštěl) ... Preferujeme zkrat na nedominantní končetině a preferujeme zkrat s vlastní žílou (před užitím cévní protézy). A-V zkraty volíme v tomto pořadí: [3] radiocephalická spojka (A-V zkrat mezi a. radialis a v. cephalica, v cizojazyčné literatuře se používá termín „Brescia-Cimino shunt“ nebo „radioradiální fistula“, který je ovšem nepřesný); ulnaro-bazilická spojka (A-V zkrat mezi a. ulnaris a v. bazilica ); radio-cephalická spojka (A-V zkrat mezi a. radialis a v. cephalica ); radio-bazilická spojka (A-V zkrat mezi a. radialis a v. bazilica , je nutné provést tzv. transpozici a. bazilicae ); A-V zkrat mezi a. femoralis a v. saphnena ...
discipline: Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics | keywords: Cévní přístupy pro dialýzu | published on: 4. 10. 2010
Enzymy jsou v biologickém materiálu obsaženy ve velmi nízkých koncentracích ... Tato přímka protíná svislou osu v hodnotě 1/V max a vodorovnou osu v hodnotě −1/K m ...
discipline: Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry | keywords: Stanovení enzymové aktivity | published on: 22. 1. 2010
V krevní plazmě je však jeho koncentrace v rozmezí 3,8–5,2 mmol.l -1 ... Vo vysokej koncentrácii pôsobí Fe toxicky, ukladá sa v pečeni, v slezine, v myokarde, v koži. Podrobnější informace naleznete na stránce Železo ...
discipline: Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry | keywords: Anorganické zložky extracelulárneho priestoru | published on: 7. 2. 2011