How to study and not forget - Principles of brain-compatible learning

The book is primarily intended for first-year university students, but it is suitable for anyone who needs to learn. Students can find here the basic principles of learning, principles of how to preserve knowledge, how to concentrate without wasting time, how not to stress before a test or exam and many other practical tips. By acquiring simple knowledge, students will be able to learn effectively with the principles of brain-compatible learning in a way that they will acquire as much information as possible in the shortest period of time with maximum retention; that is minimal forgetting.

Adriana Boleková et al: How to study and not forget - Principles of brain-compatible learning, Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, ŠafárikPress, Košice 2020, ISBN 978-80-8152-897-2.

Research Activities in Dentistry – Practical Course

This educational material is intended for students of Dentistry who signed for the subject Research Activities in Dentistry. In this lab seminar, students will acquire practical experience with molecular-biological analyses that are routinely used in the field of Dentistry, both for research purposes and for diagnosis of diseases (not only) of the oral cavity. Students will be tasked with the detection of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), an enzyme playing an important role in the folic acid metabolism. Within the scope of this seminar, students will also learn to predict the phenotype (i.e., to predict the ability to metabolize the folic acid) based on the analyzed MTHFR haplogenotype.

Selected Chapters in Adult Urology

The publication “Selected Chapters in Adult Urology” is intended for English-speaking students of the Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University. These comprehensive study materials cover the entire spectrum of adult urology. Texts are supplemented with extensive image documentation. The publication is comprehensive enough to be used by students for their preparation for the state examination, in accordance with the latest knowledge of urology.

X-rays: Sources and Spectra

The lecture „X-rays: Sources and Spectra“ is aimed to explain X-ray origin, their energy spectra (line and continuous), their interactions with matter, radiation attenuation and properties of X-rays important for medical applications.                                                                                                                                              

Principles of refrative surgery

Refractive surgery is a surgery that treats eye problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ...

Ophthalmooncology - Pigmented Conjunctival Lesions

Conjunctival melanocytic lesions are the most common tumors of the conjunctiva, comprising 52% of all conjunctival tumors. Several classifications have been suggested for conjunctival melanocytic lesions. Thus far, the 1980 World Health Organization (WHO) classification has been most widely used and includes three pathologic categories: conjunctival nevus, conjunctival melanosis, and malignant melanoma (MM). 

Surgery of Anal Canal and Rectum

Lecture for 4^th year students. Surgery of anal canal and rectum. Anatomy. Colorectal and Anorectal Vascular Supply. Investigations. Ulcerative Colitis. Rectal Cancer. Hemorrhoids. Anal fissure. Anorectal abscess. Fistula in ano.
                                                                                                                                                                                                   ...

Selected chapters from paediatric surgery

This set of educational materials is dedicated to selected topics in the area of paediatric surgery: minor surgery, neonatal surgery, introduction to traumatology, visceral traumatology, acute abdomen, thoracic surgery, plastic surgery, surgical oncology and congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract; moreover, the battered child syndrome is mentioned as well.

Pathological physiology. Selected chapters.

The textbook Pathological physiology: selected chapters contains chapters of general and special pathological physiology that explain the causes and mechanisms of disease and pathological processes in synergy with their future clinical application. Simple case reports in the chapters point to the clinical relevance of the knowledge gained in the study of pathological physiology and connect the theoretical and clinical disciplines to be addressed by students in subsequent years of study. It supports the ability of students to think logically and combine knowledge they have already obtained by study of different theoretical subjects.

E-LEARNING COURSE: DONATION AND HARVEST OF CELLS AND TISSUES

The design of the e-learning course: Donation and Harvest of cells and tissues“ is presented. This course represents more advanced updated and enlarged English version of the original e-learning course focused exclusively on the issues of cell and tissue donation and harvest.
The course covers the topic Donation and harvest of cells and tissues and is divided into 2 parts. A test consisting of 5 questions follows each part. If the student answers correctly at least 3 questions he/she is allowed to pass to the next part and/or final test consisting of 15 questions. It is necessary to answer correctly at least 10 questions to complete the course.
The third topic is represented by a database for uploading seminar theses.
The previous experience showed that the e-learning course could serve as a useful support of the elective subject „Basis of Harvest and Preservation of Tissues“. This enlarged and updated English version aimed exclusively at the...

Neural development and embryonic stem cell-based developmental modelling

This educational article titled “Neural development and embryonic stem cell-based developmental modelling“ describes how to investigate the roles of genes in human neural development using stem cell technologies and molecular biology techniques. This educational article is primarily focused on experimental practices. Thus this article is intended for postgraduate students (e.g. Master student, Diploma, and PhD students). However, the article is also suitable for undergraduate students, who are interested in stem cell biology and molecular biology. In the text, students will learn how to perform basic molecular biology techniques (e.g. gene cloning, making fusion protein, PCR and sequencing), and how to grow and to manipulate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Moreover, students will learn how to drive hESCs toward to neural fates.

Knee joint aspiration

Puncture of the large joints can be performed either diagnostically or therapeutically. Synovial fluid aspiration is medically refered to as arthrocentesis. The diagnostic puncture allows us to obtain joint fluid for laboratory examination which can than be investigated by the biochemical and microbiological methods. Therapeutic puncture can also be helpful in relieving joint swelling and pain by aspiration of the content and then ables antiinflamatory medication to be injected into the joint. Removal of joint fluid that is inflammed can also remove white blood cells, that are sources of enzymes, that can be destructive to the joint.

Biophysical seminars for medical students

Set of biophysical seminars dedicated to English curriculum 1C modul students of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University. The following topics are: biosignals, mechanical waves and sound, electromagnetic radiation, radiation and radioactivity, electric injury, imaging methods, SPECT and gamma camera, stereotactic surgery and gamma knife, spectroscopy.

Immunology for student of general medicine

This is a presentation of lectures of the subject „Immunology“ for students of general medicine. It covers basic aspects of theoretical immunology, immunopathological states, immunological aspects of transplantation and immune response to tumours. Also immune reaction to microbes and principles of vaccination are covered. The course includes basic information of immunological laboratory methods and their interpretation as well.

Protein preparation

This course contains five sub-courses, which consist of theoretical and practical parts. The individual sub-courses should provide students simple and quick approaches needed for solving basic scientific problems that could rise during the course of their bachelor, diploma or PhD study. The first set will allow students to gain knowledge about protein cloning, expression and purification. The second part focuses on biochemical characterization of enzymes via their enzymatic activity as well as protein-protein interactions. The third set will provide simple biochemical methods to detect protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions as well as monitor motor activity of protein.

Research Activities in Dentistry

This teaching material is intended for students of Dentistry registered for the subject Research Activities in Dentistry. The aim of that subject is to improve the students' knowledge of the scientific advancements in dentistry and closely related fields, to motivate students to participate in research activities, to augment their scientific ambitions and, therefore, to lay grounds for their postgraduate studies and scientific career.

Study notes for lectures in paediatric cardiology not only for paediatricians

Study notes for lectures in paediatric cardiology not only for paediatricians consist of four main parts: Paediatric propedeutics in paediatric cardiology, How to make a diagnosis in paediatric cardiology, Paediatric cardiology I and Paediatric cardiology II. Paediatric propedeutics is focused on the examination of a patient with suspicion on cardiac disease. How to make a diagnosis reviews the diagnostic methods in cardiology and their contribution to the diagnostic process. Paediatric cardiology I is focused on cardiac disease, mainly congenital heart defects, diagnosis of congenital heart defects and their treatment. Paediatric cardiology II covers issues of cardiomyopathies, inflammatory heart disease and arrhythmias.

International Research Interdisciplinary School IRIS

The IRIS “University without Walls” workshop program created at the Duke University, Durham, USA, is the problem-based training approach on developing of skills to prepare and carry out research project and to collaborate on common project in multidisciplinary international team.

September 11 - 16, 2020. Western Slovakia (near to Bratislava), Slovakia.

Radioactivity III.

The lecture „Radioactivity III“ is aimed to explain gamma decay, interaction of gamma rays with matter, energy spectra, radiation attenuation, and protection against radiation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a chronic progressive neuropathy caused by conditions which lead to damage of the optic nerve and consequently loss of visual function. The most common risk factor is raised intraocular pressure.
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world.                                                  

An Introduction in Breast Diseases

 E-book containing learning text for students of 5th and 6th years of medical faculties as well as for postgraduate physicians. In the individual chapters breast anatomy and physiology diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases, etc. is discussed. It contains many pictures and tables with classifications of radiological, cytological and histological findings.

Heart and respiratory system - study quide

This study guide has been prepared for medical students as a basic educational material for the anatomy practicals and anatomy exam. The first chapter provides introduction to the cardiovascular system, the heart and basic description of the circulations. The second chapter deals with the organs of respiratory system.
The text is fulfilled by the photographs of formalin fixed cadaveric preparates used during the anatomy practicals in our department, however, it is necessary combine the study with using of anatomy atlases (Sobotta´s, Gray´s, Gilroy ´s or Netter´s atlas of human anatomy). Several figures of joints and ligaments are retrieved from public domein of Gray´s Anatomy of human Body (1918) and Servier Medical Art. The last part of the study guide contains a set of review questions which can help the students to check their knowledge. We hope you will find this study guide useful material for your individual stud and review.

CYTOCHROME P-450: genetic and population aspects

Need of carrying out a pharmacological genotyping for providing the individualized pharmacotherapy is shown in the monograph based on the analysis of own and literary data of the central link of drug pharmacokinetics– systems of cytochrome P-450, taking into account its genetic polymorphysm. The monograph is intended for the clinical pharmacologists, geneticists and experts dealing with this problem.

Mavlyanov I.R., Ashirmetov A.Kh., Mavlyanov Z.I., Jarilkasinova G.J.: CYTOCHROME P-450: genetic and population aspects, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice 2017, ISBN 978-80-8152-526-1.

B lymphocytes and plasma cells

B lymphocytes are principal cells that mediate humoral adaptive immunity. After their maturation in the bone marrow, B cells enter peripheral lymphoid tissues, which are the sites of interaction with foreign antigens. Production of antibodies is initiated by the interaction of antigens with a small number of mature B cells specific for each antigen. An antigen binds to the membrane receptors on specific B cells and initiates a series of responses that lead to two principal changes: cell proliferation resulting in expansion of the clone, and differentiation to either plasma cells actively secreting antibodies or to memory cells.

Key words: B cells, subsets of B cells, memory B cells, plasma cells

Pediatric oncology for medical students – e-learning programme

The electronic textbook "Pediatric oncology for medical students” provides a comprehensive overview of the age-specific differences between pediatric tumors and tumors of the adult age, importance of the age for diagnosis of cancer in childhood, factors influencing treatment decisions and the risks of anticancer therapy.. General section of the textbook provides a concise overview of the fundamental differences between pediatric and adult oncology, age specific clinical presentation of of the most common pediatric tumors, basic diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities of malignant diseases and last but not least the importance of organisation and centralisation of pediatric oncology on national and international level. Special section of the textbook offers an overview of the common and rare malignant tumors in children from epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnosis to treatment modalities and prognosis. The...

Basic principles and molecular mechanisms regulating early development of mammals - physiology and pathology

This educational text titled “Basic principles and molecular mechanisms regulating early development of mammals - ¬physiology and pathology“ describes how embryogenesis proceeds in mammals. In this text, students will learn how the egg is fertilised, how the fertilised egg survives in the mother’s womb (called implatation), how the fertilised egg divides, how the blastocyst develops, how the implanted blastocyst undergos gastrulation or the three germ layers form, and how the brain, heart, muscle, and internal organs develop. Moreover, if the processes go awry, what the baby will be affected. This educational material is recommened to General Medical, Dental Medical students and the students who are taking a developmental biological course.

Essentials of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry

The English text has been created for one-semester course of medical chemistry. It is assigned for the students of English program of General medicine and Dentistry studies. The textbook summarizes essential facts from chemistry and biochemistry. The selection of topics emphasizes the biochemical processes and the metabolic conversions of compounds occurring in the human body. The knowledge of presented facts is necessary for understanding metabolic processes on cellular and organ level in the following studies of biochemistry

Pathophysiology for Surgery

Many medical students in the 5th or 6th year have already partially forgotten the information learned in the 3rd year during the course of pathophysiology, because the main focus of the study has moved onto clinical subjects. However, during the preparation for the state exam from surgery as well as for other clinical exams the students often discover that they need the knowledge of pathophysiology in order to manage the content of the questions for the exams. This is especially true for the topics in general surgery. The aim of our effort was to prepare a textbook in which the students will find the essential up-to-date pathomechanisms of surgical diseases. It is based on the requirements of surgical scientific-pedagogical faculty who are the members of the state exam committee. The textbook is focused not only on pathophysiological aspects of general surgery, but also includes a substantial part of the pathophysiology pertinent to special surgery.
The textbook is based on...

Interactive algorithms in the education of selected acute medicine topics

Algorithmization and procedural management of the therapeutic process has become very popular as quality management systems have developed and health care quality has been assessed. It is obvious that a procedurally-thinking physician can react more efficiently, promptly and economically to critical situations which are so abundant in acute medicine. The interactive educational algorithms on the portal AKUTNE.CZ have been developed with the aim of simulating decision processes in acute patients. The ultimate aim of the algorithms is to make students remember the correct procedures which are necessary for the management of acute situations. This comprehensive work contains 24 interactive algorithms both in Czech and English language which deal with various acute medicine topics. It covers acute medicine from prehospital care to highly specialized hospital care.

Molecular biology

The terms "recombinant DNA technology", "DNA cloning", "molecular cloning", and "gene cloning" all refer to the same process: a transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. The DNA of interest can then be replicated (together with the rest of the plasmid) in a foreign host cell. This technology is a common practice in molecular biology labs today.