An Introduction in Breast Diseases

 E-book containing learning text for students of 5th and 6th years of medical faculties as well as for postgraduate physicians. In the individual chapters breast anatomy and physiology diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases, etc. is discussed. It contains many pictures and tables with classifications of radiological, cytological and histological findings.

Heart and respiratory system - study quide

This study guide has been prepared for medical students as a basic educational material for the anatomy practicals and anatomy exam. The first chapter provides introduction to the cardiovascular system, the heart and basic description of the circulations. The second chapter deals with the organs of respiratory system.
The text is fulfilled by the photographs of formalin fixed cadaveric preparates used during the anatomy practicals in our department, however, it is necessary combine the study with using of anatomy atlases (Sobotta´s, Gray´s, Gilroy ´s or Netter´s atlas of human anatomy). Several figures of joints and ligaments are retrieved from public domein of Gray´s Anatomy of human Body (1918) and Servier Medical Art. The last part of the study guide contains a set of review questions which can help the students to check their knowledge. We hope you will find this study guide useful material for your individual stud and review.

CYTOCHROME P-450: genetic and population aspects

Need of carrying out a pharmacological genotyping for providing the individualized pharmacotherapy is shown in the monograph based on the analysis of own and literary data of the central link of drug pharmacokinetics– systems of cytochrome P-450, taking into account its genetic polymorphysm. The monograph is intended for the clinical pharmacologists, geneticists and experts dealing with this problem.

Mavlyanov I.R., Ashirmetov A.Kh., Mavlyanov Z.I., Jarilkasinova G.J.: CYTOCHROME P-450: genetic and population aspects, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice 2017, ISBN 978-80-8152-526-1.

B lymphocytes and plasma cells

B lymphocytes are principal cells that mediate humoral adaptive immunity. After their maturation in the bone marrow, B cells enter peripheral lymphoid tissues, which are the sites of interaction with foreign antigens. Production of antibodies is initiated by the interaction of antigens with a small number of mature B cells specific for each antigen. An antigen binds to the membrane receptors on specific B cells and initiates a series of responses that lead to two principal changes: cell proliferation resulting in expansion of the clone, and differentiation to either plasma cells actively secreting antibodies or to memory cells.

Key words: B cells, subsets of B cells, memory B cells, plasma cells

Pediatric oncology for medical students – e-learning programme

The electronic textbook "Pediatric oncology for medical students” provides a comprehensive overview of the age-specific differences between pediatric tumors and tumors of the adult age, importance of the age for diagnosis of cancer in childhood, factors influencing treatment decisions and the risks of anticancer therapy.. General section of the textbook provides a concise overview of the fundamental differences between pediatric and adult oncology, age specific clinical presentation of of the most common pediatric tumors, basic diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities of malignant diseases and last but not least the importance of organisation and centralisation of pediatric oncology on national and international level. Special section of the textbook offers an overview of the common and rare malignant tumors in children from epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnosis to treatment modalities and prognosis. The...

Basic principles and molecular mechanisms regulating early development of mammals - physiology and pathology

This educational text titled “Basic principles and molecular mechanisms regulating early development of mammals - ¬physiology and pathology“ describes how embryogenesis proceeds in mammals. In this text, students will learn how the egg is fertilised, how the fertilised egg survives in the mother’s womb (called implatation), how the fertilised egg divides, how the blastocyst develops, how the implanted blastocyst undergos gastrulation or the three germ layers form, and how the brain, heart, muscle, and internal organs develop. Moreover, if the processes go awry, what the baby will be affected. This educational material is recommened to General Medical, Dental Medical students and the students who are taking a developmental biological course.

Essentials of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry

The English text has been created for one-semester course of medical chemistry. It is assigned for the students of English program of General medicine and Dentistry studies. The textbook summarizes essential facts from chemistry and biochemistry. The selection of topics emphasizes the biochemical processes and the metabolic conversions of compounds occurring in the human body. The knowledge of presented facts is necessary for understanding metabolic processes on cellular and organ level in the following studies of biochemistry

Pathophysiology for Surgery

Many medical students in the 5th or 6th year have already partially forgotten the information learned in the 3rd year during the course of pathophysiology, because the main focus of the study has moved onto clinical subjects. However, during the preparation for the state exam from surgery as well as for other clinical exams the students often discover that they need the knowledge of pathophysiology in order to manage the content of the questions for the exams. This is especially true for the topics in general surgery. The aim of our effort was to prepare a textbook in which the students will find the essential up-to-date pathomechanisms of surgical diseases. It is based on the requirements of surgical scientific-pedagogical faculty who are the members of the state exam committee. The textbook is focused not only on pathophysiological aspects of general surgery, but also includes a substantial part of the pathophysiology pertinent to special surgery.
The textbook is based on...

Interactive algorithms in the education of selected acute medicine topics

Algorithmization and procedural management of the therapeutic process has become very popular as quality management systems have developed and health care quality has been assessed. It is obvious that a procedurally-thinking physician can react more efficiently, promptly and economically to critical situations which are so abundant in acute medicine. The interactive educational algorithms on the portal AKUTNE.CZ have been developed with the aim of simulating decision processes in acute patients. The ultimate aim of the algorithms is to make students remember the correct procedures which are necessary for the management of acute situations. This comprehensive work contains 24 interactive algorithms both in Czech and English language which deal with various acute medicine topics. It covers acute medicine from prehospital care to highly specialized hospital care.

Molecular biology

The terms "recombinant DNA technology", "DNA cloning", "molecular cloning", and "gene cloning" all refer to the same process: a transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. The DNA of interest can then be replicated (together with the rest of the plasmid) in a foreign host cell. This technology is a common practice in molecular biology labs today.

Basics of Nursing Presentations

In the era of increased scrutiny regarding patient safety and the drive toward the control of health care costs health care professionals need reliable and evidence based information source for the study. Basics of Nursing Presentations provide both in quick access, easy to use material. Basics of Nursing Presentations are designed to help English speaking medical as well as nursing students comprehend to some basic clinical situations and react to them correctly. The presentations are based on the book Basics of Nursing: Textbook for Medical and Nursing Students published at the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava in 2011. The book presents nursing part of health care as well as collaborative framework (regarding physician in particular) for management of many basic and frequently occurring clinical situations. The book features over 35 peer-reviewed nursing procedures added on a wide range of clinical topics, which...

Anatomical Dissection - Introduction to dissection course

The educational videofilm Anatomical dissection - Introduction to dissection course is aimed at students of the medical faculty within the scope of anatomical studies in order to provide them with information necessary for correct procedure during anatomical dissection. Under supervision of an experienced instructor, students will be able to dissect and identify important structures of the specific body region after having watched the film and studied respective chapters of the textbooks. The film will contribute to achievement of the knowledge and practical skill needed for success at final anatomy examination.

Determination of Plasma Volume

Teaching video demonstrates determination of plasma volume by means of Evans blue dye and the effect of intravenous injection of hypertonic glucose solution on plasma volume in rat.                                                         

Ultrasonography

This ppt teaching file is dedicated to history, physical principles and imaging methods of ultrasound examination.

Radiology of Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

The PowerPoint presentation deals with the examination of GIT with X-ray, scintigraphy, ultrasonography and endoscopic techniques. It refers to the typical findings of radiodiagnostic and disease states briefly the possibilities of their treatment. Part of the article is also a test on a given topic, indicating the correct answers.

Surgery of Anal Canal and Rectum

Lecture for 4^th year students. Surgery of anal canal and rectum. Anatomy. Colorectal and Anorectal Vascular Supply. Investigations. Ulcerative Colitis. Rectal Cancer. Hemorrhoids. Anal fissure. Anorectal abscess. Fistula in ano.
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Selected chapters from paediatric surgery

This set of educational materials is dedicated to selected topics in the area of paediatric surgery: minor surgery, neonatal surgery, introduction to traumatology, visceral traumatology, acute abdomen, thoracic surgery, plastic surgery, surgical oncology and congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract; moreover, the battered child syndrome is mentioned as well.

Pathological physiology. Selected chapters.

The textbook Pathological physiology: selected chapters contains chapters of general and special pathological physiology that explain the causes and mechanisms of disease and pathological processes in synergy with their future clinical application. Simple case reports in the chapters point to the clinical relevance of the knowledge gained in the study of pathological physiology and connect the theoretical and clinical disciplines to be addressed by students in subsequent years of study. It supports the ability of students to think logically and combine knowledge they have already obtained by study of different theoretical subjects.

E-LEARNING COURSE: DONATION AND HARVEST OF CELLS AND TISSUES

The design of the e-learning course: Donation and Harvest of cells and tissues“ is presented. This course represents more advanced updated and enlarged English version of the original e-learning course focused exclusively on the issues of cell and tissue donation and harvest.
The course covers the topic Donation and harvest of cells and tissues and is divided into 2 parts. A test consisting of 5 questions follows each part. If the student answers correctly at least 3 questions he/she is allowed to pass to the next part and/or final test consisting of 15 questions. It is necessary to answer correctly at least 10 questions to complete the course.
The third topic is represented by a database for uploading seminar theses.
The previous experience showed that the e-learning course could serve as a useful support of the elective subject „Basis of Harvest and Preservation of Tissues“. This enlarged and updated English version aimed exclusively at the...

Neural development and embryonic stem cell-based developmental modelling

This educational article titled “Neural development and embryonic stem cell-based developmental modelling“ describes how to investigate the roles of genes in human neural development using stem cell technologies and molecular biology techniques. This educational article is primarily focused on experimental practices. Thus this article is intended for postgraduate students (e.g. Master student, Diploma, and PhD students). However, the article is also suitable for undergraduate students, who are interested in stem cell biology and molecular biology. In the text, students will learn how to perform basic molecular biology techniques (e.g. gene cloning, making fusion protein, PCR and sequencing), and how to grow and to manipulate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Moreover, students will learn how to drive hESCs toward to neural fates.

Knee joint aspiration

Puncture of the large joints can be performed either diagnostically or therapeutically. Synovial fluid aspiration is medically refered to as arthrocentesis. The diagnostic puncture allows us to obtain joint fluid for laboratory examination which can than be investigated by the biochemical and microbiological methods. Therapeutic puncture can also be helpful in relieving joint swelling and pain by aspiration of the content and then ables antiinflamatory medication to be injected into the joint. Removal of joint fluid that is inflammed can also remove white blood cells, that are sources of enzymes, that can be destructive to the joint.

Biophysical seminars for medical students

Set of biophysical seminars dedicated to English curriculum 1C modul students of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University. The following topics are: biosignals, mechanical waves and sound, electromagnetic radiation, radiation and radioactivity, electric injury, imaging methods, SPECT and gamma camera, stereotactic surgery and gamma knife, spectroscopy.

Immunology for student of general medicine

This is a presentation of lectures of the subject „Immunology“ for students of general medicine. It covers basic aspects of theoretical immunology, immunopathological states, immunological aspects of transplantation and immune response to tumours. Also immune reaction to microbes and principles of vaccination are covered. The course includes basic information of immunological laboratory methods and their interpretation as well.

Protein preparation

This course contains five sub-courses, which consist of theoretical and practical parts. The individual sub-courses should provide students simple and quick approaches needed for solving basic scientific problems that could rise during the course of their bachelor, diploma or PhD study. The first set will allow students to gain knowledge about protein cloning, expression and purification. The second part focuses on biochemical characterization of enzymes via their enzymatic activity as well as protein-protein interactions. The third set will provide simple biochemical methods to detect protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions as well as monitor motor activity of protein.

Epidemiology of malignant tumours in the Czech Republic

In September 2005, a web portal on cancer incidence and mortality in the Czech Republic was released with the primary objective to provide representative data on this topic. Providing relevant information on cancer epidemiology in the Czech Republic to foreign partners is another key objective of this project. Extensive information on cancer epidemiology in the Czech Republic is now available to anyone who wants to find out more about the situation in Czech regions, to compare Czech data with the foreign ones or to examine long-term incidence and mortality trends for individual cancers, for example.

Anatomical Dissection of the Head

The educational videofilm Anatomical dissection of the head is aimed at students of general medicine and dentistry in order to provide them with information necessary for preparation to the dissection of the head within the scope of anatomical studies. The film deals with the dissection of individual regions of the head in the way that is used in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk Unniversity, Brno.

Histology and Embryology Exam Questions. Recommended for review before the final examination

This textbook is recommended for revision the students' knowledge before taking the final examination in Histology and Embryology. There are 835 exam questions for both General and Dental Medicine students covering cytology, general histology, special histology, and embryology. There is a key to the answers and a list of recommended textbooks attached.

Hospital information system

Hospital information systems are designed with the aim to manage various clinical and patient health care related activities in more efficient way. In contrast to the paper based forms the administration tasks are realized in fully electronic way. This provides easy and fast access to the patient data, patient’s history of illness and treatment, allows monitoring of drug distribution, improves communication between physicians, reduces duplication of information entries, better financial management etc. Hospital Information systems also help in decision making procedures oriented on selection of proper treatment as well as on creation of health care policy.

Imaging methods of urinary tract

The PowerPoint presentation deals with the examination of urinary tract with X-ray, scintigraphy, ultrasonography and endoscopic techniques. It refers to the typical findings of radiodiagnostic and disease states briefly the possibilities of their treatment. Part of the article is also a test on a given topic, indicating the correct answers.

Imaging methods of liver and biliary tract

This powerpoint presentation is devoted to teaching investigative methods used to display the pathological findings of liver and biliary tract. It deals with radiological, scintigraphycal and endoscopic imaging methods. Presentation shows the algorithm, the possibility of therapeutic effects and possible complications. It also includes a set of test questions.